Alphabet Aa [ei] Nn [en] Bb [bi:] Oo [ou] Cc [si:] Pp [pi:] Dd [di:] Qq [qju:] Ee [i:] Rr [a:] Ff [ef] Ss [es] Gg [ji] Tt [ti:] Hh [eich] Uu [ju:] II [ai] VV [vi:] Jj [jei] Ww [d blju

Participle.

Sifatdosh

Sifatdosh bu – fe`lning sifatlashishi, ya`ni fe`l sifat vazifasida kelishi va fe`l sifat kabi qanday? yoki Qaysi? So`roqlariga javob bo`lishi: Ingliz tilida Sifatdosh ikkiga bo`linadi:

1. 
   Participle I yoki Present Participle:
   
2. 
   Participle II yoki Past participle.
   

Participle I

Sifatdosh I davom qilayotgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatildi. Sifatdosh I fe`lga …ing (yotgan) qo`shimchasini qo`shish orqali yasaladi: Sifatdosh I ikkita alohida sodda gap berilgan bo`lsa, shu gaplardan umumiy bir soda gap yasash uchun kerak bo`ladi:

M-n: The boy is reading. Bola o`qiyapti. Nima qilyapti? Sodda gap.

He is my brother. U mening akam. Sodda gap.

Sifatdosh I → Reading boy is my brother. O`qiyotgan bola mening akam. Qaysi bola? Demak birinchi gapda ishlatilgan davomli fe`ldan biz sifat yasadik. Bu sifatdosh I hisoblanadi:

We visited one of the largest plants producing trucks in our country.

Sifatdosh I ning gapdagi

sintaktik vazifalari

1. Aniqlovchi vazifasida:

The dancing girl is my sister. Raqsga tushayotgan qiz mening opam.

2. Payt holi vazifasida:

Entering the room fe saw Sam. Xonaga kirayotib u Samni ko`rdi.

3. Sabab holi vazifasida:

Being ill I did not want to go out. Kasal bo`lganligin tufayli men tashqariga chiqishni xoxlamadim.

4. Holat holi vazifasida:

He sat smiling. U kulib o`tirdi.

5. Kirish gap bo`lagi vazifasida:

Generally speaking, everything is O.K. Gapni qisqasi hammasi joyida.
Sifatdosh I da zamon va nisbatlarda

yasalishi
1. Active Non-perfect Participle I. V + ing; Inkor: not V + ing

M-n: Reading boy is my friend. O`qiyotgan bola mening do`stim.

2. Active perfect Participle I: Having + Participle II yoki IIIsh. Inkor: Not + Having + Participle II yoki IIIsh

M-n: Having spoken to him, I went out. U bilan gaplashgach, men tashqariga chiqdim.

Demak, Sifatdosh I Active perfect bu faqat o`tgan zamonda ketma –ket sodir bo`lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Shunday ekan biz yuqoridagi gapni qo`shma gap qilib tarjima qilsak ham bo`ladi:

Qo`shma gap: After I had spoken to him, I went out. Men u bilan gaplashganimdan keyin, men tashqariga chiqdim.

Yoki: After speaking to him, I went out. Tarzida gerund bilan ham ifodalashimiz mumkin.

Izoh: Bevosita oldinma keyin sodir bo`lgan ikkita ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun biz Present participle dan ham foydalanishimiz mumkin:

Arriving at the station we went to the boxing office.

Having arrived at the station, we went to the boxing office.

Izoh: Qo`shma gap tarkibidagi davomli zamonni ifodalovchi sodda gapning egasini tushurib, predlog yoki Faqat while orqali ifodalashimiz mumkin:

M-n: While my brother was reading the book, he found interesting information.

On reading the book, my brother found interesting information.

While reading the book, my brother found interesting book.

3. Passive Non-perfect Participle I:

…being + Participle II yoki IIIsh. Inkor: being + Participle II yoki IIIsh.

M-n: Being taught boy is my friend. O`qitilayotgan bola mening do`stim.

4. Passive Perfect Participle I: