Аграр тармоқ иқтисодий салоҳиятини оширишда институционал ислоҳотлар ва

 
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deforestation for new land for animal husbandry. In particular, the application of 
the ICLFS (Integrated Crop Livestock Forestry Systems) program in Brazil, where 
about 23% of the world's cattle are raised. Moreover, with its help, farmers are 
actively restoring farmland that was previously considered completely decayed. 
In Russia, the course towards digitalization of the agro-technical complex is 
taken at the state level. In 2018, the IT market in agriculture reached 360 billion 
rubles, and by 2026 this amount, according to the estimates of the Department of 
Informatization of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, will 
increase five times or more. Also, back in 2017, a roadmap for the development of 
the FoodNet food market was approved, according to which, by 2035, domestic 
companies should occupy 5% of the world market in the field of agrotechnics, 
including smart agriculture. The main segments of this market today are 
marketplaces, of which there are already more than a dozen in the Russian 
segment, the use of IoT and drones within the framework of the Smart farming 
concept and alternative farms, including greenhouses with supplementary lighting. 
Alternative farms are so named because of the active use of modern technology as 
opposed to “traditional” farms with an emphasis on manual labor. For example, 
vertical farms, that is, multi-tiered greenhouses with autonomous lighting systems, 
are referred to as alternatives. They owe their popularity to reduced resource 
consumption and improved microclimate control in greenhouses, as well as the 
ability to build such greenhouses in almost any indoor space. 
Agriculture and farming have traditionally been considered “mundane” areas 
in which new technologies were less important than the human factor and hard 
work. With the emergence of effective automation systems, the Internet of Things 
and alternative approaches to farming, we can confidently say that these 
innovations have a serious and quite quantifiable effect on the agricultural sector, 
so they cannot be underestimated. Moreover, according to UN estimates, in the 
coming decades, the world's population will reach almost 10 billion people, and 
food production for them will have to be increased by 70% in order to avoid 
hunger. Accordingly, the issue of agricultural modernization is shifting from a 
purely economic sphere to a social one, and its importance will increase over time. 
We are talking not only about the gradual abandonment of "manual" 
farming, but also about the introduction of the concept of Industry 4.0, in which 
the main management tools, sensors and even vehicles are combined into one 
common ecosystem of smart devices, interconnected and exchanging information. 
And in the future, this trend will only gain momentum. 
Due to the development of new varieties of plants and the use of new 
methods of processing farmland, the "green revolution" from the 40s to the 70s 
made it possible to dramatically increase the efficiency of agriculture and the 
production of agricultural products. Now the world is on the verge of a second 
"green revolution", but its "instruments", including on the territory of Russia, are 
not tractors and pesticides, but unmanned aerial vehicles, satellites and modern 
digital technologies. 

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