Аграр тармоқ иқтисодий салоҳиятини оширишда институционал ислоҳотлар ва

 
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Uzbekistan is semi-desert zone with an extremely continental climate in 
Central Asia. Climate is characterized as specific due to its cold weather in winters 
and hot sometimes extreme hot in summers with limited precipitation rates in most 
parts of the country. Irrigation plays a key role in agriculture of Uzbekistan. Amu 
Darya and Syr Darya are two main rivers, which are lifeline of the irrigated 
agriculture and thus lifeline of the economies in the Aral Sea Basin [2]. Due to 
external and internal factors, such as the growing demand for water resources and 
the inefficiency of the irrigation and drainage networks, the water scarcity is 
becoming acute in the region. According to a researcher [3] the water supply 
reduction by 25 % may result in the yield losses between 10 and 18 %, while a 
water reduction of 50 % would cause yield losses between 22 and 30 %.
92% of the total water is used for the purpose of irrigating the agricultural 
lands in Uzbekistan. It should be mentioned that only 8% of total water volume is 
used for water supply, hydropower, industry and fishery [4]. For a long time farms 
have been using agricultural practices and technologies which are not adapted to 
climate change. Interestingly, most agricultural producers are either skeptical to or 
not aware of climate change impacts. Inappropriate land and water management 
practices have been causing unsustainable natural resources use and economic loss 
in agriculture. 
Extensive agriculture, practiced since the Soviet period, after the 
independence in 1991, government has been reforming agricultural sector to find 
out the best options and maximise profit of the sector. Agricultural policies began 
to wheat production for food security [1]. Recently, some farmers altered from 
cotton and wheat to fodder crops to develop livestock [5] however, wheat is still 
second crucial crop in agriculture.