Research Methodology. In addition, as a result of the introduction of the subject
"Assistant History sciences" in the higher education system of the world, a number of
textbooks, manuals have prepared separate topics and practical guidelines on the field
of faleristics and its objects of award [3]. There are many issues that need to be
addressed, and we have tried to aim to explore some aspects of them.
Analysis and results.
In ancient Greece, brave warriors were awarded special
badges for their bravery in the military field. There the term ‘falera’ originated,
originally applied to round insignia attached to a horse’s bridle, and the custom of
awarding the winner with laurel crowns also originated in Ancient Greece. But the
system of rewards there was not clear and firm, for in Hellas (the Greeks called their
country by this name) always remained divided into several small states, and, most
importantly, a professional army was not formed there. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans
built an empire, emphasized a strong, professional army, and modeled on a compact
system based on Greek awards. The first appearance of the Roman award was a wreath
crown. The crowns of Rome were distinguished by an appearance marked by a clear
hierarchy and rules. The upper crown of the Roman Empire was called the Triumphalis
Crown.
Originally the wreaths were made of bay leaves, later the leaves were made of
gold and were given the name ‘Aurea crown’. This crown was handed over to the
victorious commanders and served as a prototype of the crowns of kings and princes
in later civilizations. There are also a number of types of rewards offered for various
services in the empire. For example, the "Tsivika (civilian) crown" made of oak leaves
was given to those who saved their friend in battle. The "Muralis crown" in the form
of a castle tower was presented to the first soldier to cross the wall of the enemy city.
The "Crown of Vallaris" is intended for those who conquer the enemy camp. The
Navalis Rostrat Crown was awarded for bravery in naval battles. The teeth of this
crown represented the ends of the vessels - the rosters. There were also wreaths of
Mirtali and Olive for civil services in the Roman Empire.
These are the ribbons that indicate the level of the crowns. Those who wore the
crowns only on the head, sometimes it was possible to wear them on a gold chain,
around the neck. The crowns were also presented to commanders and warriors, and the
crown could be received by an entire legion or centurion, the "sign (symbol of the
Roman legions)." Exactly on the sign were crowns, falera, and other rewards of the
legion, but the highest reward for the legion was a red square of matter hanging from
a pillar barrier represented by a Roman eagle. In addition to the crowns, there were
award chains, bracelets of honor, spears, and falcons representing a ten-centimeter-
diameter round badge. They are usually cast in bronze or gold-plated silver. The fala
depicts the head of the goddess Mars, sometimes the head of Minerva or Jupiter.
Sometimes with sphinxes or other animal heads, falera with the image of a legion.
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