ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND TRAINING. FEBRUARY, 2021 -III. ISSN 2181-9750
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Originating in Scotland and Ireland in medieval England, the Orders of St.
Andrew and Patrick were of great importance. The Order of Andrew, mentioned in
legends, was founded in 787. It was rebuilt in 1787 during the Reformation. The Patrick
Order was founded in 1783.
The Order of St. George of Konstantinovsk, named after a representative of the
Duchy of Parma in Italy, is also famous for its antiquity. The Order of St. Louis Parmsk,
founded by the Spanish heir Louis Bourbon in 1836, was proclaimed in the Duchy of
Luc. The Order of St. Joseph of Tuscany, which some sources date to the 16th century,
was created during Napoleon's redistribution of Europe. In 1859, the Order of Saint
Marin, belonging to the Republic of San Marino, which was preserved during the
unification of Italy, was established. It was also founded by Pius IV in 1560 with the
Order of St. John the Lateransky.
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In 1698, Peter I established the first Order of Andrei Pervozvanny in Russia
(Figure 9). On March 10, 1699, the first owner of this order was awarded Fyodor
Golovin. This nobleman accompanied Peter I abroad and was responsible for Russian
"students" and for inviting qualified foreigners to serve in Russia. After his return to
Russia, Golovin was appointed head of the mint and all foreigners who served in the
navy, and in March 1699, after the death of the first admiral of the Russian fleet, Franz
Lefort, Golovin took his place. Golovin later became the head of the Navigatsky
School, where the first Russian naval officers were trained, and was responsible for
embassy orders until 1706, the end of his life[5].
In the reward system of European countries, especially the stones in the orders -
small diamonds carved in roses, are almost obscured by the caste of the uneven upper
part (the method of strengthening the precious stones used in items of the Renaissance).
The lower part of the casts is made on the basis of a German art pattern with embossed
belts with edge-toothed teeth.
When it comes to the above-mentioned awards, orders have gradually gained a
secular character, gained popularity and become part of the system of incentives in
society. In the XV-XVII centuries, the rulers themselves began to pay special attention
to the development of orders, introducing new "specialized" orders and establishing
the old ones in a new form. As a result, the Central Rewards Institutions have taken the
lead in government activities related to the voluntary order and award areas, as well as
in legal and financial matters.
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