A critical review: impacts of salinity on yield and fiber quality traits of cotton

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Qamar Farooq, Saira, Ali Farzand, Mawra Nadeem, Misbah Zulfqar, Shahab Ud Din.
 A critical review: impacts 
of salinity on yield and fiber quality traits of cotton. 
Nat Sci 
2021;19(1):9-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 
2375-7167 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/nature
. 2. doi:
10.7537/marsnsj190121.02
.
 
Key words: 
salinity, cotton, fiber 
 
Introduction 
Environmental stress has various forms but most 
severe forms are salt stress and drought. Various 
investigations showed that twenty percent of world 
grown area has increased salt concentration to such an 
extent that they are declared as sodic soil (Moud and 
Maghsoudi, 2008). The areas where rain is low, 
temperature is high and brackish water is used to 
irrigate the field, salinity increased in those areas 
(Arzani, 2008). Throughout the world this is the major 
constrain to increase yield (Williams, 1999). Region 
where the salty water is used to grow crops, yield is 
decreasing alarmingly (Aragues 
et al
., 2011). 
Brininess conditions share the major contribution in 
decreasing the yield of crops especially for those that 
are susceptible to salinity (Manivannan 
et al
., 2007). 
Salinity influenced the one third of earth and still 
increasing day by day (Munns, 2005). Raised 
concentration of salt in different soil horizon is utmost 
abiotic stress to productivity (Grewal, 2010). Yield is 
getting low and low due to inflation of salt in soil. 
Twenty percent of world growing land and partly 
irrigated region are disturbed by salt stress (Zhu, 
2001). Due to salinity, metabolic rate in crops are 
changed and ultimately result in low production (Gorai 
et al
., 2010). In Pakistan salinization is wide spread in 
those region where the drainage properties of soil are 
very poor. Salinity is the consequence of typical 
seasonal condition, soil parent material, poor irrigation 
and land use practices and high water table. Salinity 
influences the crop yield violently. Mostly the crops 
are sensitive to salt stress and cotton is one of them. 
Seedling is the most susceptible growth stage of plant 
(Lianes 
et al
., 2005).
Due to the various mechanisms of how plants 
tolerate salinity, three categories of tolerance have 
been developed to define a plant’s tolerance level 
(Colmer et al., 2005). Plants can be categorized as low 
to moderate tolerance (ECe = 2 to 4 dS m-1 ), 
moderate to high tolerance (ECe = 4 to 8 dS m-1 ), 
and high tolerance (ECe > 8 dS m-1 ). Gossypium 
species fall into the category of moderate to high 

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Nature and Science 2021;19(1)
http://www.sciencepub.net/nature