4 semestr 2021-2022 o‘quv yili

Forms of gerund: Examples and notes on usage 
Asking questions is his hobby. (asking – simple form) 
I completely forgot having asked him to wait for me there. (having asked – perfect form) 
She doesn't like being asked such questions. (being asked – passive form) 
Perfect forms
The simple active form of the gerund is often used instead of the perfect form in those cases 
where it is not necessary to stress that the action expressed by the gerund precedes the action 
expressed by the main verb (provided that the context is clear). For example: 
I remember asking her about it. I don't remember being asked about it. He mentioned reading it 
in a magazine. He thanked them for inviting him. He apologized for losing my book. 
Passive forms
After the verbs "need, require, want" in the meaning "need cleaning, repairing, improving" and 
after the adjective "worth", the active form of the gerund is used, not the passive form. (The 
infinitive in the same meaning is used in the passive form after these verbs. The infinitive is not 
used after the adjective "worth".) For example: 
The house needs painting. This lock needs repairing. His car requires painting. Your coat wants 
cleaning. (Infinitive: His car needs to be painted / to be repaired / to be cleaned.) This book is 
worth reading. 
Negative forms
Отрицательные формы
Amaliy dars mashg'ulotlari
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Depending on the meaning, the negative particle "not" is placed between the auxiliary verb and 
the main verb (to negate the action of the main verb) or before the gerund (to negate the action of 
the gerund). 
"Not" between the auxiliary verb and the main verb: He did not apologize for losing my book. 
She doesn't like having to work on Saturdays. 
"Not" before the gerund: He was fined for not paying his debt. He apologized for not having 
written his report on time. I'm surprised at not being asked about it. She is disappointed at not 
having been invited.