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Section II
Mashq 1. Quyidagi xalqaro so’zlar nimani anglatadi?:
modem, instrumental, calorimetry, spcctromctry, effect, spcctrography, diffraction, radiometric, polarography, modification, instrument, microanalysis, macroanalysis, perspective, scale, fortune
Mashq 2. Quyidagi so'zlarning ma'nosini eslaysizmi tekshiring; yo'q bo'lsa, lug'atga qarang:
by no means, supersede, supplement, supplant, wet, fluorimetry, continuous, size, sample, trace, team, wheel
Text 33 В
Modern Methods of Analysis
The so-called classical gravimetric and volumetric methods have by no means been superseded by physical chemistry and physical methods. Unlikely as such a statement may seem, instrumental analysis, as it is known today, supplements rather than supplants the so-called classical wet methods. Such terms as calorimetry, spectrophotometry, Raman effect, fluorimetry', spcctrography, X-ray diffraction, radiomctric methods, polarography, etc., are in common usage and every part of the analytical work now performed is through the use of instrumentation. Indeed. modifications of many o f these instruments are now being moved out into actual manufacturing operations in order to provide continuous analysis.
One of the more modem developments in the field of analysis is that of microanalysis, employed where the size of the samples is considerably smaller than used in the type o f analysis sometimes defined as macroanalysis. Today quite a number of analysts are dircctly concerned with what is frequently defined as trace analysis. The determination of very low concentrations is often of great importance in maintaining high quality of a product. A wide variety of new techniques have been developed to meet this need. Another field currently receiving greater attention is the matter of scientific sampling. Certainly, no method of analysis, accurate as it may be, will give a proper perspective if the sample employed is not reasonably representative of the whole.
Today the researeh analyst in the chemical process industries is an honoured member o f the “team”. The use o f this term has become widespread to describe the modem “team approach” to the discovery, development, and full-scale production of new products. Thus, the wheel of fortune for the analyst has made a complete circle.
Mashq 3. Matnning asosiy tarkibini bir nechta jumlalarda ko’rsating.
Mashq 4. Matndagi qaysi so'zlar "to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'liq ..." degan ma'noni anglatadi?
Mashq 5. Matnda quyidagi savollarga javob toping:
1. What is the position of instrumental analysis in analytical chemistry?
2. What is the purpose of modifying instruments? 3. What is the difference between macroanalysis, microanalysis and trace analysis? 4. What requirements should the sample meet to allow the analyst to obtain proper results? 5. What is the position of the researeh analyst in industry or organization at present?
Mashq 6. Закончите следующие предложения:
1. Gravimetric and volumctric methods... 2. The use of instrumentation.. . 3. A wide variety of new techniques have been developed...4. A sample employed must be... 5. Now the researeh analyst in the chemical process industries...
Section III
Ex. 1. Make up short dialogues according to the example.
Example: — Is there any acid in the bottle?
— Yes, there is.
— How much acid is there?
— There’s a lot. Shall I give it to you?
— Yes, please, bring it here.
— Here you are.
Ex. 2. Respond to the following statements:
1. It doesn’t seem strange to me that the so-called classical wet methods are still in use. 2. The use of instrumentation is essential for modem methods of analysis. 3. The role of the analyst in the chemical industries is very important now, isn’t it?
Ex. 3. Give detailed answers to the questions.
1. What instrumental methods of analysis do you know? 2. In what directions are analytical methods developed? 3. Under what conditions can the analyst obtain good results?
Ex. 4. Discuss the following topics:
1. The Role of Analytical Chemists in Various Periods of the History
of Chemistry.
2. The Development of Various Analytical Methods.
3. Working in a Team — Advantages and Disadvantages.
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