3 Part One. The Predicate

Section II
Mashq 1. Quyidagi xalqaro so’zlar nimani anglatadi?:

process, routine, test, prestige, technician, person, professional, era, indicate, apparatus, finish, front, organization

Mashq 2. Quyidagi so'zlarning ma'nosini eslaysizmi tekshiring; yo'q bo'lsa, lug'atga qarang:

plant, employ, quality, quantitative, constituent' perform, be concerned with, exclusively, relationship

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Matnni o’qing (o’qish vaqti — 2 daqiqaы).

Two Branches of Analytical Chemistry
The relatively small chemical manufacturing plants producing such chemicals as alkalis, sulphuric acid, etc., indeed, some o f the factories making consumer goods and employing chemicals in the processing, soon found it desirable to employ what was most frequently referred to as a “works chemist”. His duties consisted laigcly of performing routine tests to determine the quality o f the raw materials coming in, so to speak, the back door, and the finished goods going out of the front. In nearly every instance the “works chemist” reported to the factory manager. The analyst’s prestige within the organization was largely that of a technician, rather than a person considered to be professional.

The “works chemist” or analyst of this era was concerned almost exclusively with two branches of analytical chemistry, namely, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis, interest is directed to determine the constituent parts of a given product, without any effort to determine the quantitative relationships o f these parts. Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, as a term does very definitely indicate, is directly concerned not only with determining the constituent parts, but how much o f cach is present.

It is these two branches of chemistry that are still regarded to be main constituent parts of modem analytical chemistry, though the methods and apparatus used by the analytical chemists nowadays have greatly changcd.
Mashq 4. Matndagi qaysi so'zlar "iste'mol mollari" ni anglatadi?

Mashq 5. Matnda quyidagi savollarga javob toping:

1. What fields of industrial manufacture required chemists’ services?

2. What did chemists have to do at plants and factories? 3. What branches of chemistry did the “works chemist” deal with? 4. What is the difference between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis? 5. Do these two branches of analytical chemistry exist now?

Mashq 6. Quyidagi jumlalarni to'ldiring:

1. Some of the factories found it desirable... 2. The main duty of an industrial chemist was... 3. The analyst of that era... 4. The aim of qualitative analysis is... 5. Quantitative analysis is dircctly concerned...6. At present, analytical chemistry...