1. The subject of comparative typology and its aims

43. The adjective in the contrasted languages, degrees of comparison, possessive adjectives.
Adj. expresses the quality of things or substances and can serve as a predicative after the copula-verb (was small, стала нервовою).
Isomorphic classes: qualitative (cold, big, high,малий червоний), relative – express qualities of the obj.and phenomena through their relations to other obj.or phen.(golden, English,осінній, святковий), possessive and relative (присвійно-відносні: Byronian, Shakesperian,Дніпровський, Шевченківський): -ic, -ian; -евк, -івськ, -цьк, -зьк, -ин/-ін, -ач/-яч
Allomorphic class: possessive/присвійні (мамин/материн, братів/братова, лисиччина (хатка)): -ів/їв, -ин/ін, -ов-а, -ов-е, -ев-а, -ач/-яч
Structure of adj.:
1)base=regular root words (old, small, clean; винен, годен, рад, жив) 2)derivatives: in English mostly regular stems +suff: -al/-ial, -able/-ible, -ary/-ory, -ern, -ful, etc (boyish, urban, English,annual, western,divergent); in Ukr.most are non-stem adj., are formed with suff.(-н-, -езн-, -ськ/-зьк/-цьк, -ан/-ян, -ов/ев, etc) 3)compound=sometimes have structural or lexical singularities in the contr.l-s (e.g.breast-high=занурений до грудей; upright=чесний, вертикальний but four-storied=чотириповерховий, all-national=загальнонародний)
Isomorphic features: suppletive forms in degrees of comparison; the existence of derivative prefixal and suffixal adj. (in Ukr.very productive prepositional.pref:без думки=бездумний, that correspond to Eng.adverbial postpositions:to grow over=to overgrow); adjectivisation of some parts of speech (e.g.prince charming, to-do people); whole and partial (no gender, number, case distinctions) substantivisation (a native, прийомна;the rich, бути в літньому)
Allomorphic f.: in Ukr. formation of adj.with the help of diminutive and augmentative suff. (гарненький, малесенький, чистісінький; величезний, здоровенний, добрячий,багатючий); in both l-s compound adj.consisting of the initial adjectival,substantival, numerical, pronominal, or adverbial component (Ukr.have gender, case, number=чорногрива, Eng.-ing,-ed,-ty,or no marker= easy-going, silk-like)
Grading: positive, comparative, superlative. Analytic (more/less;the most/the least; більш/менш, найбільш/найменш +intensifying adv.:набагато,значно,куди) and synth (adj+-er,-est; -іш-/-ш-, най-, щонай-). In Eng. synth.is restricted to base adj. + those ending in -able, -er, -ow. In colloquial speech analytical w.can be used to all adj.
Allom: in Ukr. comper.and superl.degrees-transformations: к/щк/ек=ш (глибший); г=жч (дорожчий); /с/ перед /т/=щ (вищий,товщий)
In both l-s no grading is used with: 1)adj.denoting a constant feature (blind, deaf,nude) 2)adj.expr.similarity of colour (lilac,lemon,ruby) 3)colour of hair or eyes (dun,bay) 4)intensity trough suff.or pref. (bluish, reddish,синявий,жовтуватий)
+ suppletive forms in both l-s. (гарний-кращий;good-better-the best)

44. The verb: isomorphic and allomorphic features in the system of morphological features of the verb. Functions of the verb in English and Ukrainian.
Morphological categories of the English and Ukraininan verbs