1. the life, significance, and philosophy of clemens timpler, 1563/4-1624 (germany)

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Subject: Behavioral psychology; Philosophy of Science; Philosophy

Classification: 0384: Behavioral psychology; 0402: Philosophy of Science; 0422: Philosophy

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Psychology Biological development Cognitive development Innateness Racial inequality Racism Scientific explanation

Title: Innateness in the sciences: Separating nature, nurture, and nativism

Number of pages: 322

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0117

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321873252

Advisor: Rey, Georges

Committee member: Carruthers, Peter; Dwyer, Susan; Frisch, Mathias; Lidz, Jeffrey

University/institution: University of Maryland, College Park

Department: Philosophy

University location: United States -- Maryland

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3711221

ProQuest document ID: 1701284780

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1701284780?accountid=14709

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Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

____________________________________________________________

Document 35 of 50

Personal Computing before Personal Computers: The Origins of America's Digital Culture

Author: Rankin, Joy Marie Lisi

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Abstract: This dissertation demonstrates that contemporary digital culture originated with the users of academic time-sharing systems during the 1960s and 1970s. They practiced personal computing before personal computers. My focus on the educational context in which these users and their computing communities flourished compels significant revision of the traditional digital origin stories focused on the military and the ARPANET, as well as the garage hobbyists of Silicon Valley. This dissertation examines interactive computing projects that operated on time-sharing systems during the 1960s and 1970s, namely, the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System, the University of Illinois PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations) System, and several educational networks in Minnesota, including Total Information for Educational Systems (TIES) and the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC). Time-sharing was a form of computing in which multiple users simultaneously shared the resources of one powerful central computer. The individual user typically ran his programs and received results via teletypewriter (teletype) terminals, connected to the computer via telephone lines. With time-sharing, a user could type commands into the teletype and receive printed responses on that teletype within seconds. Because of the connection via telephone lines, the teletype could be located hundreds of miles away from the central computer. This level of interactivity – and computing over a distance – was a dramatic change from the dominant mode of computing during the 1960s and 1970s, using mainframe computers. The students and educators using these time-sharing systems transformed computing from a military, scientific, and business endeavor into an intensely personal practice. They were more than users. They employed time-sharing together with new programming languages to craft original computing experiences. They created new knowledge about timesharing, and they authored software. They fostered communities of computing enthusiasts, and they devised novel modes of resource sharing. This dissertation highlights the creativity of users as an object of inquiry, and it emphasizes the educational space as a site of computing innovation. Thinking about users as the craftspeople of the digital age calls attention to the myriad ways in which the students and educators using time-sharing systems effected change as artisans, authors, programmers, communicators, and makers. At the small liberal arts college Dartmouth, the mathematics professors John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz elevated user convenience in the design of their time-sharing system and their new programming language, Beginners' All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, or BASIC. Their commitment to simplicity of use, instead of efficiency for the computer, combined with their commitment to accessible computing for all students, set them apart from the academic, industrial, and military computing mainstream. BASIC proved central to the growth of personal and social computing. BASIC fueled the spread of Dartmouth time-sharing in secondary schools and colleges across New England, and throughout Minnesota. During 1974-75, MECC's statewide time-sharing system served 84% of Minnesota's public school students. By 1978, students played OREGON, their beloved game The Oregon Trail , on the MECC network over 9000 times per month. OREGON had been written in BASIC in Minnesota early in the 1970s. Researchers at the University's of Illinois military-defense-oriented Coordinated Science Laboratory initially created their PLATO System as an exploration of the potential uses of computing in education, but over time they built a widespread system that fostered individualized, interactive computing. This dissertation argues that the PLATO project leaders' focus on enhancing their system's usability, especially for educational purposes, propelled the development of compelling new technologies including flat plasma display screens and touch-responsive screens. During the 1970s, PLATO users created a rich documentary history with their "NOTES" files, an online bulletin board. My analysis demonstrates how members of the PLATO community addressed censorship, computing security, identity, and resource sharing, while they created new job categories, games, modes of communication, and means of self-expression with the system.

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Subject: American history; Communication; Science history

Classification: 0337: American history; 0459: Communication; 0585: Science history

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Communication and the arts ARPANET BASIC programming language Dartmouth Kemeny, John Kurtz, Thomas Minnesota Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium PLATO Teletype The Oregon Trail Time-sharing systems Total Information for Educational Systems

Title: Personal Computing before Personal Computers: The Origins of America's Digital Culture

Number of pages: 280

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0265

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321945645

Advisor: Kevles, Daniel J.

University/institution: Yale University

University location: United States -- Connecticut

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3663582

ProQuest document ID: 1701945899

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1701945899?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

____________________________________________________________

Document 36 of 50

Revolutionary Current: Electricity and the Formation of the Party-State in China and Taiwan, 1937-1957

Author: Tan, Ying Jia

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Abstract: Between 1937 and 1957, China experienced a severe energy crisis that transformed the nation's political and social order, as the Japanese, Guomindang, and the Communist vied for supremacy in China. From the second Sino-Japanese War, Civil War between Nationalists and Communists, until the completion of the People's Republic First Five Year Plan, the military played an increasingly important role in China's electrical industries. I begin by looking at how the Japanese military worked together with Japanese power companies to take over the electrical infrastructure in the cities around North China and the lower Yangtze Delta. The Guomindang regime, which retreated to Southwest China, built its electrical industries to cater to military demands. The Chinese started making electrical components such as wires and vacuum tubes, which were vital to military communications. During the Civil War, the People's Liberation Army devised strategies that minimized damage to electrical power infrastructure during urban warfare. After Communist victory in 1949, revolutionaries in military uniforms made use of their expertise in logistical planning and mass mobilization to coordinate the usage of electrical power. By the end of two turbulent decades, China's electrical power sector transformed from an industry dominated by foreign capitalists into an integral part of the permanent war economy. This dissertation compares the effectiveness of the fuel-provisioning regimes developed by the Japanese, Nationalists, and the Communists. The Japanese military worked closely with the power companies to take over the electrical industries in North China and Lower Yangtze and controlled the coal supply to these occupied regions. The high cost of transporting coal and maintaining the electrical power infrastructure bogged down the Japanese, which contributed to the collapse of the Japanese empire. Meanwhile, a group of engineer-bureaucrats, who followed the Guomindang regime during the retreat to Southwest China, coordinated the nationalization of China's electrical industries and established national standards for the nation's public utilities. The Guomindang government however failed to build on these wartime achievements after 1945. The Communists secured the defection of the Guomindang's engineering elite, which allowed them to inherit the electrical power industries built by foreign capitalists, Japanese invaders, and Guomindang regime largely intact. The Communists retained a firm grip on political power, because they devised the most efficient and effective way to make use of limited energy resources.

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Subject: History; Science history; Energy

Classification: 0332: History; 0585: Science history; 0791: Energy

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Applied sciences China Electricity Engineering Industries Military Science

Title: Revolutionary Current: Electricity and the Formation of the Party-State in China and Taiwan, 1937-1957

Number of pages: 275

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0265

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321965438

Advisor: Snowden, Frank

University/institution: Yale University

University location: United States -- Connecticut

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3663668

ProQuest document ID: 1702066520

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1702066520?accountid=14709

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Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

____________________________________________________________

Document 37 of 50

Enharmonic Procedures in Nineteenth-Century Music

Author: Muniz, John Richard

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Abstract: This dissertation develops a model of enharmonic modulations based on "tendency transformations," changes in the directional tendencies of scale degrees. Extending scale-degree-based accounts of chromaticism given by Daniel Harrison, Steven Rings, and others, the dissertation registers the evolution of tendency-transformational procedures in Western music over the course of the nineteenth century. Chapter One introduces the basic concepts and methods of tendency-transformational theory through two sample musical analyses. It distinguishes different types of transformations, defines a measure for modulatory strength, and lays the methodological groundwork in musical semiotics and narrative for analyses in later chapters. Chapters Two and Three explore the motivic, formal, and expressive functions of enharmonic modulations in the early nineteenth century. Chapter Two begins by surveying musical and scientific literature concerning how the body mediates the experience of pitch contour. This review yields a template for relating structural features of enharmonic modulations (chiefly mode, dynamics, and directionality and strength of tendency transformations) to musical meaning. There follow analyses of several short passages by Schubert, Schumann, and Chopin, organized by the common enharmonic procedures and expressive effects these passages involve. Chapter Three extends this project by analyzing whole pieces, songs, and movements with long-range enharmonic compositional strategies. Chapter Four continues to chart enharmonic procedures in the mid-nineteenth century, examining works by Liszt, Wagner, and Brahms. The chapter gives special attention to the correspondence of enharmonicism with text and the further development of long-range compositional strategies; to this end, it introduces a new graphing technique (the "hopscotch diagram") for generating and recording observations about enharmonic modulations. Chapter Five explores the transition from mid-century enharmonicism to atonality by analyzing the music of Hugo Wolf. Finally, it addresses conceptual issues raised by tendency transformations, noting problems with traditional, notation-based accounts of enharmonicism and showing how tendency transformations avoid these problems.

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Subject: Music

Classification: 0413: Music

Identifier / keyword: Communication and the arts Brahms Chopin Chromatic harmony Chromaticism Enharmonic Enharmonicism Liszt Nineteenth-century music Schubert Schumann Wagner Western music Wolf, Hugo

Title: Enharmonic Procedures in Nineteenth-Century Music

Number of pages: 238

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0265

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321953381

Advisor: Harrison, Daniel

University/institution: Yale University

University location: United States -- Connecticut

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3663635

ProQuest document ID: 1702071661

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1702071661?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

____________________________________________________________

Document 38 of 50

Philosopher's Stone: The Faustian Geist of development

Author: Sangtam, Salikyu

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Abstract: The present study juxtaposes scientific rationality with polyphonic rationality in respect to societal development. This is done to illuminate how scientific rationality provides a narrow and truncated view of development. In order to explicate the exclusion of polyphonic rationalities/knowledges in favor of scientific rationality, several development scholarships are examined along with an episode of developmental scheme and two episodes of development programs. This is done to expound (note: ‘→’ = influences) how scientific rationality → scholarships → organizational/institutional schemes , such as the MDGs → actual applications of development schemes , such as transmigration and compulsory villagization. The present inquest, more importantly, propounds for polyphonic knowledges that accord diverse modes of thought a place in social inquests, thus affording a better recourse than scientific rationality that blatantly disregards the contextual particularities of human society.

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Subject: Cultural anthropology; Social research; Political science

Classification: 0326: Cultural anthropology; 0344: Social research; 0615: Political science

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Culture Development Diversity Humanism Knowledge Rationality

Title: Philosopher's Stone: The Faustian Geist of development

Number of pages: 361

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0211

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321870770

Advisor: Steedman, Marek

Committee member: Butler, David; Pauly, Robert; St. Marie, Joseph

University/institution: The University of Southern Mississippi

Department: Political Science, International Development, and International Affairs

University location: United States -- Mississippi

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3711050

ProQuest document ID: 1702157704

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1702157704?accountid=14709