1. the life, significance, and philosophy of clemens timpler, 1563/4-1624 (germany)

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Subject: American history; History

Classification: 0337: American history; 0578: History

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Advertising Agriculture Capitalism Gilded age Midwest Progressive era

Title: Producing a past: Cyrus McCormick's reaper from heritage to history

Number of pages: 310

Publication year: 2014

Degree date: 2014

School code: 0112

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321902297

Advisor: Karamanski, Theodore

Committee member: Fraterrigo, Elizabeth; Mooney-Melvin, Patricia

University/institution: Loyola University Chicago

Department: History

University location: United States -- Illinois

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3713616

ProQuest document ID: 1708673689

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1708673689?accountid=14709

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Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

____________________________________________________________

Document 25 of 50

Ontogenetic and stratigraphic cranial variation in the ceratopsid dinosaur Triceratops from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana

Author: Scannella, John Benedetto

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Abstract: Hypotheses regarding the taxonomy and systematics of non-avian dinosaurs are based on analyses of morphology. As such, it is critical to assess the potential roles of intraspecific variation in systematic interpretations. Ontogenetic (developmental) change has been found to be a potential contributor to taxonomic confusion in the fossil record of dinosaurs. Similarly, variation between specimens found at different stratigraphic levels should be assessed in order to decipher variation within and between closely related taxa. The chasmosaurine ceratopsid Triceratops has had a complicated taxonomic history due to variation in cranial morphology between specimens. Recent work in the uppermost Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (HCF) has produced a large (n>50) new sample of specimens. Using this data set its possible to reassess variation in Triceratops and further explore chasmosaurine paleobiology. Building on previous work on Triceratops ontogeny, examination of the parietal-squamosal frill finds that these bones underwent a dramatic transformation late in ontogeny. The short, solid frill of Triceratops expanded into a more elongate, thin, fenestrated condition, which had previously been found to characterize the coeval ceratopsid taxon Torosaurus latus. This suggests that these taxa are synonymous with Torosaurus representing the mature form of Triceratops rather than a distinct taxon. Further, Nedoceratops hatcheri, which is represented by a single specimen with a small fenestra in the parietal, is hypothesized to represent a transitional morphology between unfenestrated and fully fenestrated ( Torosaurus ) specimens. Detailed locality information for specimens collected over the course of the Hell Creek Project permits for the placement of specimens in stratigraphic context. The two currently recognized species, T. horridus and T. prorsus, are stratigraphically separated within the HCF and cladistic and stratocladistic analyses are consistent with the evolution of Triceratops incorporating anagenetic (transformational) change. Morphometric analyses of the extant archosaur Ceratogymna atrata (the Black-casqued hornbill) indicate that enlarged cranial structures function as objects of visual display. Morphometric studies of Triceratops further suggest that specimens found lower in the formation may have attained the Torosaurus frill morphology through ontogeny, whereas this basal condition became increasingly rare higher in the formation. Morphometric results are also consistent with early divergence between two distinct genera.

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Subject: American studies; Paleontology

Classification: 0323: American studies; 0418: Paleontology

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Earth sciences Ceratopsid Cretaceous Dinosaur Hell creek formation Ontogeny Triceratops

Title: Ontogenetic and stratigraphic cranial variation in the ceratopsid dinosaur Triceratops from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana

Number of pages: 544

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0137

Source: DAI-B 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321842197

Advisor: Horner, John R.

Committee member: Goodwin, Mark B.; Mumey, Brendan; Roberts, David W.; Varricchio, David J.

University/institution: Montana State University

Department: Earth Sciences

University location: United States -- Montana

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3708787

ProQuest document ID: 1697326586

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1697326586?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

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Document 26 of 50

Making the West malleable: Coal, geohistory, and Western expansion, 1800–1920

Author: Zizzamia, Daniel Francis

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Abstract: Historians have long understood the West as a region shaped by aridity. Yet by analyzing scientific imaginations as they interacted with the materiality of western landscapes, this dissertation argues that the history of the American West was equally influenced by the discovery of the watery deep past of its paleo-landscapes. The physical geography and remnant resources generated through geologic time in the American West decisively influenced western settlement and the advancement of American science in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Through government reports, scientists breathed new life into the ancient denizens and environments of the West. Where others saw an eternal and timeless desert, many scientists saw a plastic and ever-evolving environment. Boosters absorbed the authority of their science to lend credence to visions of a plastic West that would once again become a verdant paradise. Imagined vibrant paleo-environments portrayed once-and-future fertile landscapes that overrode the dominant perception of the American West as arid and hostile to life. With the power granted by coal paired with new technologies, and the Eden-like scientific visions of a former fertile West, vast human-induced climatological changes became an empowering possibility to a nation driven to settle the West. A "paleo-restorative dream" emerged in which the West—by the agency of humans—would return to ancient Edenic landscapes. Indeed, the geoengineering that pervades contemporary discussions concerning climate change and drives hopes to terraform Mars had their origins in the nineteenth century drive to recreate the American frontier.

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Subject: Environmental Studies; History; Science history

Classification: 0477: Environmental Studies; 0578: History; 0585: Science history

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Health and environmental sciences American west Coal Fossils Geology Paleontology Railroad

Title: Making the West malleable: Coal, geohistory, and Western expansion, 1800–1920

Number of pages: 735

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0137

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321842364

Advisor: Reidy, Michael; LeCain, Timothy

Committee member: Fiege, Mark; Rydell, Robert; Walker, Brett

University/institution: Montana State University

Department: History and Philosophy

University location: United States -- Montana

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3708803

ProQuest document ID: 1697328359

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1697328359?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

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____________________________________________________________

Document 27 of 50

Scientific Understanding and Pragmatic Rationality

Author: Bhakthavatsalam, Sindhuja

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Abstract: This dissertation is on scientific understanding, pragmatic rationality, and values in science. I argue for an ‘egalitarian’ picture of theoretic values and aims in science. Both anti-realists and realists demand that a good theory be empirically adequate. In my dissertation I focus on one important job for science that often does not care for empirical adequacy—understanding. I look at some important modes of achieving understanding in science and show that they often have very little to do with empirical adequacy. After looking at understanding got from the ‘products’ of science viz. theories and models, I focus on understanding in relation to activities and practices. This is centered on Hasok Chang’s (2009) work on ontological principles and the intelligibility of epistemic activities. Chang’s view is that in order for our (pragmatically chosen) epistemic activities to make sense to us, we cannot deny certain corresponding ontological principles, for if we did, the activities would be rendered unintelligible. Finally I look at Duhem’s philosophy of physical theory. I situate Duhem among some of his key historical contemporaries Mach, Pearson, and Poincaré and engage in a comparative analysis of these 20th century historian-scientist-philosophers all of whom are widely perceived as paradigmatic instrumentalists. I then launch into Duhem’s philosophy. Duhem believed that the aim of physical theory is to classify experimental laws, and that this classification progressively approaches a natural, underlying classification—call this latter the thesis of natural classification. First I argue that contrary to the views of many scholars, Duhem was not a structural realist. I contend that Duhem was not concerned with structure as it is generally construed, viz. the mathematical form of equations. Duhem was rather concerned with the classification of laws by theory. Finally, I look at Duhem’s rationale behind his idea of natural classification. I situate Duhem in Chang’s activity-and-principle scheme and argue that for Duhem, in order for the physicist to make sense of her activity of theorizing, she had to affirm the ‘principle’ or thesis of natural classification. This way I make the move from (Changian) understanding in science, to (Duhemian) understanding of science.

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Subject: Philosophy of Science

Classification: 0402: Philosophy of Science

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Duhem, pierre Pragmatic rationality Scientific realism Scientific understanding

Title: Scientific Understanding and Pragmatic Rationality

Number of pages: 220

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0033

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321835403

Advisor: Cartwright, Nancy

Committee member: Callender, Craig; Chang, Hasok; Gere, Cathy; Golan, Tal; Wuthrich, Chris

University/institution: University of California, San Diego

Department: Philosophy (Science Studies)

University location: United States -- California

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3708355

ProQuest document ID: 1697922461

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1697922461?accountid=14709

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Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

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Document 28 of 50

Past and present hydrogeology of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile: Human and natural system interactions

Author: Kirk-Lawlor, Naomi Elizabeth

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Abstract: This work focuses on the past and present hydrogeology of northern Chile from 19°S to 23°S and on the research processes itself. Chapter 2 is a study of the landscape evolution and paleohydrology of the northern portion of the Chilean forearc basin. During the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene, before the forearc basin was deeply incised, a lake existed in the western part of the forearc basin. New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of volcanic ashes intercalated with lake and overlying fluvial deposits indicate that lacustrine deposition had begun by 10.86 ± 0.04 Ma, and the final stage of canyon incision occurred after 3.04 ± 0.03 Ma. The existence of a large, deep lake is consistent with, but not conclusive evidence for, a wetter than modern climate in the catchment region during the Late Miocene. Chapter 3 presents an interdisciplinary hydro-economic aquifer model. This single-cell model incorporates groundwater outflows such as flow to rivers, wetlands and springs, that depend on the water table elevation. These outflows are modeled as providing economic, social and environmental benefits. The model is applied to a case history of groundwater extraction in the Ojos de San Pedro region. Chapter 4 is a case study of a cross-disciplinary, intercultural research team that studied a water resource system in northern Chile. Such teams are necessary to solve many complex problems including how to manage scarce water resources. This study focuses on the interaction between cross-disciplinary diversity and cultural diversity during group integration. Results showed that translation served as a facilitator to cross-disciplinary integration of the research team. Cross-disciplinary barriers were found to be more difficult to overcome than intercultural barriers. Chapter 5 presents a steady-state numerical groundwater model developed and calibrated using USGS MODFLOW-2005 based on subsurface geological and hydrological information, stream gauging data, and human water use. This model encompassed the Loa River topographic basin and part of the Altiplano Plateau. Model results indicate that groundwater flow to the region’s rivers has likely decreased by ~20% due to human groundwater extraction. Hypothetical lower aquifer pumping scenarios produced reductions in simulated groundwater flow to the rivers and head drawdowns.

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Subject: Social research; Geology; Water Resource Management

Classification: 0344: Social research; 0372: Geology; 0595: Water Resource Management

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Earth sciences Aquifer management Groundwater model Hydro-economic model Intercultural teams Interdisciplinary teams Paleoclimates

Title: Past and present hydrogeology of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile: Human and natural system interactions

Number of pages: 265

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0058

Source: DAI-B 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321863895

Advisor: Jordan, Teresa

University/institution: Cornell University

Department: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

University location: United States -- New York

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3710505

ProQuest document ID: 1698104131

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1698104131?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

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Document 29 of 50

Experiments, simulations, and lessons from experimental evolution

Author: Parke, Emily C.

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Abstract: Philosophers and scientists have sought to draw methodological distinctions among different kinds of experiments, and between experimentation and other scientific methodologies. This dissertation focuses on two such cases: hypothesis-testing versus exploratory experiments, and experiment versus simulation. I draw on examples from experimental evolution—evolving organisms in a controlled laboratory setting to study evolution via natural selection in real time—to challenge the way we think about these distinctions. In the case of hypothesis-testing versus exploratory experiments, philosophers have distinguished these categories in terms of the role of theory in experiment. I discuss examples from experimental evolution which occupy the poorly characterized middle ground between the two categories. I argue that we should take more seriously the point that multiple theoretical backgrounds can come into play at multiple points in an experiment, and propose some new contributions toward clarifying the conceptual space of experimental inquiry. In the case of experiment versus simulation, people have attempted to clearly delineate cases of science into these two categories, and base judgments about their epistemic value on these categorizations. I discuss and reject two arguments for the epistemic superiority of experiments over simulations: (1) Experiments put scientists in a better position to make valid inferences about the natural world; (2) Experiments are a superior source of surprises or novel insights. Both of these claims are false as generalizations across science. Focusing on the experiment/simulation distinction as a basis for in-principle judgments about epistemic value focuses us on the wrong issues. This leaves us with a question: What should we focus on instead? I offer preliminary considerations for a framework for evaluating inferences from objects of study to targets of inquiry in the world, which departs from the problematic custom of basing such evaluations on questions like "Was it an experiment or a simulation?" This framework is based on the ideas of capturing relevant similarities while appropriately accounting for what researchers already know and what they are trying to learn by asking the scientific question at hand.