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First aid sequence:
- release the victim from the action of electric current and assess his condition;
- perform the necessary measures to rescue the victim;
- call an ambulance or a doctor, or take measures to transport the victim to the nearest medical facility;
- report the accident to the immediate head of the department at the place of work.
The simplest and most effective way to release the victim from the action of the current is to turn off the electrical installation using the nearest knife switch, switch, plug connector, etc. If it is not possible to quickly turn off the electrical installation, then it is possible to interrupt the current circuit through the victim in electrical installations up to 1 kV by cutting the wires with an ax with a dry wooden handle or other tool with insulating handles. In electrical installations with voltages above 1 kV, it is necessary to deliberately cause automatic shutdown by short-circuiting the phases of the ED according to the instructions.
When releasing the victim from the action of electric current, you must take care of your own safety and use appropriate electrical protective equipment (dielectric gloves, boots, etc.).
You can touch the victim only after he is completely freed from the action of electric current.
When evacuating the victim from the area of electric current, in order to avoid electric shock, the victim should be taken with only one hand and only with dry clothes.
Under the power line, the victim should be dragged at least 8 meters from the wire lying on the ground. In the premises, it is enough to move the victim at least 4 meters from the current source.
To determine the condition of the victim, it is necessary to lay him on his back and check for the presence of a pulse, the state of the pupil and breathing for 15-20 s. Pulse - jerky rhythmic oscillations of the walls of blood vessels, due to the movement of blood through them during the work of the heart. The presence of a pulse is checked, as a rule, on large arteries, where it is more pronounced - on the radial, femoral or carotid.
The presence of breathing in the victim is determined by the rise and fall of the chest during independent inhalation and exhalation. Normal breathing is characterized by clear and rhythmic rises and falls of the chest. In this state, the victim does not need artificial respiration.
Impaired breathing is characterized by indistinct or non-rhythmic rises of the chest during inhalations, rare, as if grabbing breaths, or the absence of visible respiratory movements of the chest. All these cases of respiratory disorders lead to the fact that the blood in the lungs is not sufficiently saturated with oxygen, resulting in oxygen starvation of the tissues and organs of the victim. Therefore, in these cases, the victim needs artificial respiration.
If the victim is conscious, but before that he was in a faint or was under current for a long time, it is necessary to comfortably lay him on a dry bed, cover him with something from the top of his clothes, and until the arrival of a doctor who must be called immediately, ensure him complete rest, continuously watching his breathing and pulse. In no case should the victim be allowed to move and continue working, even if he feels well and has no visible injuries. The negative impact of electric current on a person may not affect immediately, but after some time - after a few minutes, hours and even days. Only a doctor can correctly assess the state of health of the victim and decide on the assistance that needs to be provided to him on the spot, as well as on his further treatment.
If the victim is in an unconscious state (coma), but with stable breathing and pulse, he should be comfortably laid on a bed, unfasten his clothes and belt so that they do not impede his breathing, provide fresh air and take measures to bring him to consciousness - bring cotton wool moistened with ammonia to the nose, sprinkle the face with cold water, rub and warm the body. The victim should be provided with complete rest, apply cold to the head and continuously monitor his condition. He should wait for the doctor's arrival only in the "lying on his stomach" position with periodic removal of mucus and stomach contents.
If the victim does not breathe well - rarely, convulsively, as if with a sob, or if the victim's breathing gradually worsens, but his pulse is palpable, he needs to do artificial respiration.
In the absence of signs of life, i.e. when the victim has no breathing and pulse, and painful stimuli do not cause any reactions, the pupils of the eyes are dilated and do not react to light, the victim must be considered to be in a state of clinical death and immediately begin to revive him, i.e. for chest compressions and artificial respiration.
Figure 1.1. Punching to the chest
Before conducting an indirect heart massage, in the absence of a pulse, and artificial respiration, it is necessary to cover the xiphoid process with two fingers and apply a precordial punch with a fist sharply and strongly (Figure 1.1), from a height of 20–30 cm to the region of the middle third of the body of the sternum for hydrodynamic impact on the heart and removal of muscle spasm from the chest with the obligatory control of efficiency by the pulse on the carotid artery.
In this case, it is strictly prohibited:
- to strike at the xiphoid process or in the region of the collarbones;
- strike in the presence of a pulse on the carotid artery;
- strike on the sternum and conduct an indirect heart massage without releasing the chest and without unfastening the waist belt.
You should never refuse to help the victim and consider him dead due to the lack of breathing, pulse and other signs of life. A person struck by an electric current can be considered dead only with clearly visible fatal injuries, for example, in the event of a crushing of the skull during a fall or when the entire body is burned. In other cases, only a doctor has the right to ascertain death.
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