1-laboratory work first aid techniques for electric shock and other accidents

1-LABORATORY WORK

FIRST AID TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTRIC SHOCK AND OTHER ACCIDENTS

The purpose of the work: Acquisition of knowledge and skills in providing first aid to victims of electric shock.


The content of the work
1. Learn how to provide first aid to victims of electric shock.
2. Learn to perform artificial respiration and indirect heart massage on the simulator.
3. Issue a report on the work.


Theoretical part
First aid for victims of electric current. First aid consists of two stages: the release of the victim from the action of the current and the provision of first aid to him. It is very important to release the victim from the action of the current as soon as possible and immediately begin to provide him with medical care, since the outcome of the lesion depends on the duration of the current passing through the person.
Liberation of a person from the action of current.
It often turns out that the victim continues to be in contact with the current-carrying part and cannot independently break this contact, that is, interrupt the current passing through it. The reasons for this may be:
• involuntary convulsive muscle contraction, which the victim cannot overcome;
• paralysis of limbs and other parts of the body due to damage to the nervous system;
• severe mechanical injury;
• loss of consciousness.
Turning off a person from the current flow circuit can be done in different ways, but the first action to free the victim from the current is to quickly turn off the part of the electrical installation that he touches! The electrical installation is disconnected using the nearest knife switch, switch, as well as by removing or unscrewing the fuses, connectors. If the victim is at a height, then a power outage can cause him to fall. Measures must be taken to ensure its safety! The lights may go out at the same time. In this case, another light source or emergency lighting must be used. If it is impossible to quickly turn off the installation (due to remoteness, inaccessibility of the switch), other measures are taken to release the electric current:
• cut the wires (dry handle at the ax);
• cause automatic shutdown of the electrical installation;
• separate the victim from live parts.
Much depends on resourcefulness. But in all cases, the person providing assistance should not himself get under stress.
At voltages less than 1000 V, you can:
• cut wires;
• bite them with a tool with insulated handles (if you use a regular knife, you must wear dielectric gloves and galoshes).
It is necessary to cut the wires individually; pull the victim away from the current-carrying parts, holding his clothes. Do not touch the body of the victim, wet clothing and surrounding metal objects. It is necessary to act with one hand, the other in your pocket or behind your back. If you touch the body, you need to wear dielectric gloves or wrap your hands with a dry cloth. You can throw a dry jacket, rug, etc. on the victim. You can isolate yourself by standing on the rug, stand, wearing galoshes. You can discard the wire with a dry stick.