1. Intonation of Greetings


Classification of Head Types. General Principles



Download 36,47 Kb.
bet11/13
Sana13.06.2022
Hajmi36,47 Kb.
#661485
1   ...   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13
Bog'liq
answers for exam

26. Classification of Head Types. General Principles.
The head of an intonation group stretches the 1st fully stressed syllable(including it) and
extends(Длится) up to the nucleus. The 1st fully stressed syllable with which the head begins is often referred to as the onset.
The head plays an important part in conveying the speaker’s attitude and feelings towards the listener, the subject-matter and the situation.
Descriptions and classifications of heads are based on the following major criteria:

  1. The general contour(линия) of pitch movement over the head;

  2. The pitch movement within each stress-group;

  3. The description of relative prominence among the semantic items in the prenuclear part of an utterance.

According to the 1st criterion head patterns in English are classified into three major types:

  1. Descending(нисходящий) – the 1st fully stressed syllable is said on a high pitch (it also can be mid-high or very high); each following fully stressed syllable always begins lower than the preceding stressed syllable.

  2. Ascending(восходящая) – the 1st fully stressed syllable is said on a law pitch; each following fully stressed syllable always begins higher than the preceding one.

  3. Level(нисход на одном уровне) – there are no perceptible contrasts in the initial pitch-heigt og the successive stressed syllables. According to the actual pitch of the syllables the Level head may be of high, mid and low varieries.

Heads are classified into 3 types:
STEPPING, characterized by an even, unchanging pitch-level over each of the stress-groups;
--Stepping Descending.
--St Ascending;
--St Level;
SLIDING, characterized by a downward pitch movement over the stress-group.
--Sliding Descending;
--Sl Ascending;
--Sl Level;
CLIMBING or SCANDENT, with an upward pitch movement over the stress-group.
--Scandent Descending;
--Sc Ascending;
--Sc Level;
According to the 3rd criterion, that of relative prominence distribution, heads can be subdivided in the
following way:

  1. The onset of the head bears a full stress and all the other semantically important words are given partial stress to show their smaller prominence, or they may be left altogether unstressed. – ONE PEAK or COMPACT head.

  2. All the semantically important words are given full stressed by the speaker and made equally prominent to the listener. The overall prominence of the utterance increases as a result, and so does the weight of each of the words. The simplest form of this head-type is a double-peak head. More complicated patterns could be called diffuse heads.

There are doth full and partial stresses in the head. In this MIXED TYPE of head semantic prominence is neither compressed (1) nor distributed evenly (2); it is focused on several peaks which may occupy any position within the head.



Download 36,47 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish