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30. Associative Learning
Definition
Associative learning takes place when several ideas are introduced to a student that are mutually reinforcing. In the classroom, this means presenting students with several stimulus materials that help a student to recall a fact.
Benefits

  • Is very effective during revision for an exam.

Challenges

  • Has questionable long-term benefits as at this stage the concept is not yet solidly consolidated in long-term memory. The recall of information is dependant on other associated information.

Theoretical Link
Behaviorism (Pavlov’s Dog): Most famously, Pavlov managed to get a dog to associate the ringing of a bell with food. The dog would salivate whenever the bell rang, whether or not there was food around.
Cognitive Constructivism: while associative learning is most commonly associated with Pavlov, constructivists also have an explanation. The more associations someone has with a topic, the more neural pathways are created connecting ideas. This helps improve memory recall.
See Also: Non-Associative Learning
Examples

  1. The teacher presents students with rhyming pairs to help a student associate one word with another. This can be effective in teaching vocabulary.

  2. When attempting to recall a fact, you can try to reflect on where you were and what else you were talking about when that fact was first introduced to you.

31. Cooperative Learning (Group Work)
Definition
Cooperative learning is a teaching strategy that involves having students work together rather than in competition. Usually, this takes place in small groups where the success of the group is dependant on the students working together to achieve a common goal (also known as positive interdependence). See more: Cooperative learning examples.
Benefits

  • Minimizes destructive competitiveness in the classroom which may undermine a collaborative and collegial atmosphere.

  • Requires students to talk to one another which can help them learn from each other’s perspectives.



Challenges

  • Students need to be explicitly taught group work skills before participating.

  • Some students may become lazy and let others do the work for the whole group.


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