1. Flipped Instruction Description

Theoretical Link
Socio-Cultural Theory: Interactions between teachers and students are important to learning within the socio-cultural approach.
Example

1. 
   Print a list of your students with a column for ‘achievements’, ‘goals’ and ‘struggles’. Over the course of a week, meet up with your students and discuss with them what they’ve achieved in the current unit of work, what their goals are, and what the barriers are to achieving those goals.
   

21. Fill-In The Gaps (Cloze Passages)
Definition
A simple teaching strategy that involves asking students to fill-in an incomplete piece of text. This can happen verbally (starting a paragraph and asking students to complete it) and in writing (a traditional cloze passage).
Benefits

• 
  Helps students to jog their own memories by prompting them slightly.
  
• 
  Enables teachers to quickly assess students’ knowledge (just-in-time assessment).
  

Challenges

• 
  Cannot be a consistently used strategy as students also need to learn through more challenging approaches such as discovery learning and project-based learning.
  

Examples

1. 
   Paper cloze passages involving a story in which the key phrases are removed.
   
2. 
   Prompting questions like: “Can you finish this sentence? The first king of England was …”
   

22. Peer Assisted Learning (PAL)
Definition
Has the teacher step aside and allows students to take charge of the learning environment.
Benefits

• 
  Students can often explain concepts to one another in a clear way because they’re on the same level and closer in their learning journey than the teacher, who probably learned the content years ago!
  

Challenges

• 
  Peer assisted learning is not the same as the students doing the teaching. Students should continue to view each others as partners in learning.