Respublikasining tashqi siyosat strategiyasi bilan belgilanadi va uning muhim tamoyillari quyidagilar
hamkorlik uchun ochiqlik, umuminsoniy qadriyatlarga sodiqlik, tinchlik va xavfsizlikni
Milliy siyosatning shakllanishi va xalqaro hamkorlikning asosiy yo‘nalishlari mamlakat ekologik
Ekologik muammolarning ko‘lami va murakkabligi, tabiiy resurslarning qo‘llanilishi va ulardan
to‘liq foydalanishni yo‘lga qo‘yish bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida muhim masaladir. SHu sababli bu
sohalarni moliyalashtirish resurslardan hamkorona foydalanish va mavjud ekologik muammolarni
hamkorlikda echishni taqozo etadi. SHunga bog‘liq tarzda O‘zbekiston xalqaro ekologik makonda
xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan o‘zaro hamkorlik asosida integratsiya jaryoniga qo‘shilishni o‘z oldiga
maqsad qilib qo‘ygan.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi 1992 yil BMT ga a‘zo bo‘ldi. 1993-2004 yillar mobaynida quyidagi
xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan ishga aloqador bog‘lanishlar o‘rnatildi: BMT, TASIS, BMTning
iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy masalalar bo‘yicha departamenti, KUROON, YUNIDO, YUNeSKO, VOZ,
VMO, er Kengashi, Konventsiya Kotibiyati, Butun Jahon banki, GEF. 2001 yilda O‘zbekiston
Respublikasi KUROONga a‘zolikka saylandi.
Bulardan tashqari O‘zbekiston evropa hamkorligi doirasida «evropada xavfsizlik va
hamkorlik bo‘yicha tashkilot, iqtisodiy hamkorlik va rivojlanish tashkiloti (OESR), NATO kabi
xalqaro tuzilmalar bilan faol aloqa bog‘lagan. O‘zbekiston evropa uchun Iqtisodiy komissiya bilan
hamkorlik o‘rnatib, uning «evropa uchun atrof-muhit» jarayonida ishtirok etmoqda.
Atrof-muhit muhofazasi sohasida Osiyo mintaqasidagi xalqaro tashkilotlar, xususan
BMTning Osiyo va Tinch okeani uchun iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy komissiyasi, EKO va boshqa qator
mamlakatlar bilan uzviy aloqa bog‘lagan. SHuningdek, soha bo‘yicha AQSH, Hamdo‘stlik
mamlakatlari bilan ham aloqa mavjud.
YUNeP tashabbusi bilan Markaziy Osiyoda Hududiy ekologik markaz tashkil etilib, har bir
respublikada uning milliy ofislari faoliyat ko‘rsatmoqda.
John Harper tabiatdagi o‘zgarishlarni izohlar ekan, ―tabiat barcha narsani hazm qilishi mumkin,
biroq uning sog‘lom muhiti yo‘qolishi muqarrar‖ deydi. Ekologiyaning tarixi haqida quyidagi
olimlar tadqiqot olib borganlar. Jumladan, Jonathan Anderson, Mike Bonsall, Angela Douglas, Chris
Elphick, Valerie Eviner, Andy Foggo, Jerry Franklin, Kevin Gaston, Charles Godfray, Sue Hartley,
Marcel Holyoak, Jim Hone, Peter Hudson, Johannes Knops, Xavier Lambin, Svata Louda, Peter
Morin, Steve Ormerod, Richard Sibly, Andrew Watkinson, Jacob Weiner, and David Wharton.
Shuningdek, Jane Andrew, Elizabeth Frank, Rosie Hayden, Delia Sandford and Nancy Whilton
kabilartabiatnimuhofazaqilishningilmiynazariy asoslari haqidafikryuritishagan.Ekologiya biologiya
fanlari qatoridagi mustaqil fan hisoblanadi. Ekologiya tushunchasi fanga birinchi bo‘lib 1869 - yilda
nemis biologi E.Gekkel tomonidan kiritilgan.
Ekologiya – yunoncha so‘z bo‘lib, uning ma‘nosi tirik organizmlarning yashash sharoiti yoki
tashqi muhit bilan o‘zaro munosabatini bildiradi. ―Ekologiya‖ – yunoncha so‗z bo‗lib, ―oykos‖ – uy,
vatan, makon va ―logos‖ – ta‘limot, - degan ma‘nolarni bildiradi.
Ekologiya bu - organizmlar va ularning atrof- muhit bilan o‘zaro sodir bo‘layotgan
hamkorligini o‘rganadigan soha hisoblanadi.Ekologlar esa mana shu hamkorlikni o‘rganadigan
olimlardir.
1
The word ‗ecology‘ was first used by Ernest Haeckel in 1869.
Paraphrasing Haeckel we can describe ecology as the scientificstudy of the interactions between
organisms and their environment.The word is derived from the Greek
oikos
, meaning‗home‘.
Ecology might therefore be thought of as the study ofthe ‗home life‘ of living organisms.
John Harper has very reasonablydecided that the attractions of retirement and
grandfatherhoodoutweigh those of textbook co-authorship. For the twoof us who remain, there is just
one benefit: it allows us to recordpublicly not only what a great pleasure it has been to
havecollaborated with John over so many years, but also just how muchwe learnt from him. We
cannot promise to have absorbed or, to
be frank, to have accepted, every one of his views; and we hopein particular, in this fourth edition,
that we have not strayed toofar from the paths through which he has guided us. But if
readersrecognize any attempts to stimulate and inspire rather thansimply to inform, to question rather
than to accept, to respectour readers rather than to patronize them, and to avoid
unquestioningobedience to current reputation while acknowledgingour debt to the masters of the
past, then they will have identifiedJohn‘s intellectual legacy still firmly imprinted on the text.In
previous editions we thanked the great many friendsand colleagues who helped us by commenting on
various draftsof the text. The effects of their contributions are still stronglyevident in the present
edition. This fourth edition was also readby a series of reviewers, to whom we are deeply grateful.
Several
remained anonymous and so we cannot thank them by name,but we are delighted to be able to
acknowledge the help ofJonathan Anderson, Mike Bonsall, Angela Douglas, ChrisElphick, Valerie
Eviner, Andy Foggo, Jerry Franklin, KevinGaston, Charles Godfray, Sue Hartley, Marcel Holyoak,
JimHone, Peter Hudson, Johannes Knops, Xavier Lambin, SvataLouda, Peter Morin, Steve Ormerod,
Richard Sibly, AndrewWatkinson, Jacob Weiner, and David Wharton. At Blackwell,and in the
production stage, we were particularly helped andencouraged by Jane Andrew, Elizabeth Frank,
Rosie Hayden, DeliaSandford and Nancy Whilton.
Michael Begon, Colin R.Townsend and John L.Harper.Ecology. UK. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 4 th
edition, 2006. P.759. P. 9-12.
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