The future perfect tense

The thirtieth lesson.
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Ushbu zamondagi fe’l shakli ish-harakatning kelajakda bo‘lishini ifodalovchi “shall (will)” va tugallanganlikni ko‘rsatuvchi “have” hamda asosiy fe’lning uchinchi shaklidan tashkil topadi, ya’ni to‘g‘ri fe’llarga –ed qo‘shilgan shaklidan, noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning esa uchinchi shaklidan yasaladi:

I shall have translated the text at the end of the lesson. – Dars oxirigacha men matnni tarjima qilib bo‘lgan bo‘laman. You will have drawn the project in two hours. – Ikki soatdan so‘ng siz loyihani chizib bo‘lgan bo‘lasiz. She will have baked and decorated the cake by 5 o’clock. – Soat 5 da u tortni pishirib, bezatib qo‘ygan bo‘ladi.

So‘roq gapda “shall/will” fe’li gap boshida keladi: Will they have translated the text? Shall we have drunk tea?

Inkor gapda “shall/will” fe’li dan keyin “not” yuklamasi keladi: I shan’t have translated the text. He won’t have begun reading the text. He will have gone home in an hour.

Ushbu zamondagi fe’l kelgusidagi ma’lum bir vaqtgacha ish-harakatning bajarilib bo‘lganligini ko‘rsatish uchun ham ishlatiladi: She will have finished this work by ten o’clock.

I. Make sentences in Future Perfect Tense

F.e.: She (to do) the washing by 10 o’clock.

She will have done the washing by 10 o’clock.

1. By May 15 he (to be) here for two years. 2. By this time next month we (to finish) this book. 3. She (to come) back by 6 o’clock. 4. When we get to the cinema, the film already (to start). 5. When Tom arrives, Jim (to go) to bed. 6. Before the end of his holiday, he (to spend) all his money. 7. By the time I get up tomorrow morning, the sun already (to rise). 8. He’s only 35, but he’s started losing his hair already. He (to lose) all by the time he’s 40. 9. You (to do) this work by next Sunday. 10. I (to finish) this work before you return. 11. I hope you (forget) all your troubles by the time your parents arrive. 12. I hope you, by the end of five years, there (be) no inflation.

II. Choose the appropriate word.

1. Sometimes it is easy to make plans but difficult (to find, to show, to carry out) them. 2. Steel is a (easy, safe, strong) metal. 3. Could you (throw, cause, point out) the most beautiful pictures of your collection? 4. A new (subject, invention, substance) is usually much worked at in the laboratories until its properties are well studied.

V. Give attributes to the following nouns and use them in the sentences of your own:

region, composition, quartz, rock, surface, zone, sand, layer, shifting, wet, organic, fine-grained, dark, smooth, thin, arctic, Antarctic, temperate, chemical, pure, relative

VI.Describe the process of rock identification using the following words:

to look alike, fine-grained, skill, to identify, to cut, a peace of rock, diamond saw, to polish, surface, until, smooth, to cement, glass slide, paper thin, to examine, under microscope, Polaroid light, to depend (on), angle, pattern, texture, color, hardness, relative weight

ALFRED NOBEL

Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer, was known for the invention of dynamite. Everything that he invented served military purposes.

He understood how terrible his inventions were, but he easily forgot about them saying: “The things which we develop are terribleindeed, but they are so interesting and so perfect technically that it makes them more attractive”.

But one morning, while looking through a French newspaper Nobel read about . . . his own death. The paper described his inventions as “terrible means of destruction” and he was named “a dynamite king” and “a merchant of death”.

The thought that his name would always be connected with dynamite and death shook Nobel. He felt he could never be happy again. He decided to use all his money (about 2,000,000 pounds) for some noble purpose.

According to his will, prizes for “the most outstandingachievements” in physics, chemistry, medicine, economics, biology, literature and fight for peace are awarded every year.

Nobel prizes have become the highest international scientific awards. Perhaps it’s an irony of life that some of Nobel prize winners helped to make the atom bomb.