Reporting speech



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Direct and indirect speech

  • Direct
  • and
  • Indirect
  • Speech

Reporting speech

Direct Speech

  • In direct speech we use the speaker’s own words.
  • “In text we put speech marks around the words spoken”
  • “Speech marks are also called inverted commas”

Indirect speech

  • In indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech) we do not use the exact words of the speaker.
  • Instead we report what was said.
  • We sometimes need to change pronouns and verb tenses. We don’t use speech marks.
  • “I am going home.”
  • Helen said she was going home.

Punctuating Direct Speech.

  • When using direct speech in your writing you need to use the correct punctuation.
  • The exact words spoken must be enclosed in speech marks.
  • The first word of the speech must begin with a capital letter.
  • The words in the speech marks must be separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.
  • You must use a new line when a new speaker begins to speak.

Using Speech in Your Writing

  • Using speech in fiction and non-fiction writing adds variety.
  • However, writing out long pieces of direct speech can make your writing confusing. It also slows down the action.
  • Reported speech can summarise what the speaker has said so that the action moves along more quickly.
  • Reported speech is useful when you want a contrast between what a character says and what he or she is thinking. (e.g. Lady Macbeth)

Advantages and disadvantages of each type of speech.

  • Direct speech can show what a character is like.
  • Long speeches can be boring.
  • Too many speakers can confuse the reader.
  • Direct speech can add variety to writing.
  • Indirect speech can be summarised briefly so that it does not slow down the pace of the action.
  • It can show a contrast between what a character is saying and what he or she is thinking.

Summary

  • In your writing use mainly reported speech. Use direct speech only to emphasise the main points your characters make.
  • Don’t bore and confuse your readers by writing out long conversations between your characters.
  • Direct speech should be used sparingly.
  • It is most effective when only the most forceful statements are put into direct speech.

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