Информация и информационные процессы

Protocols TCP/IP
Done by: Mardonov B.
Internetwork
IP protocol
Internet protocol

• Designed for using in complex networks, combined from heterogeneous subnets based on forwarded packet switching.

• A synonym for "packet" according to the standard for this protocol is the term "internet datagram".

• The function or purpose of an internet protocol is to transmit datagrams across a series of interconnected networks.

Module

• An implementation, usually in software, of a protocol or procedure.

Routing

• The choice of datagram transmission path.

Fragmentation

• Splitting a large packet or datagram into smaller blocks, fragments.

Datagram header

• version- indicates the version of the internet protocol installed on the host that generated the datagram;
• length- contains the length of the header, expressed in 32-bit words;

Datagram header

• type of service- determines the type and quality of service that the datagram requires when it is transmitted;
• total length— the total length of the datagram, including the length of the header and the length of the data field, and expressed in bytes;

Datagram header

• datagram identifier- set by the sender of the datagram to allow the reassembly of fragments of any datagram;
• fragment offset- used to assemble datagram fragments;

Datagram header

• protocol- identifies the upper layer protocol to which the information placed in the data field of the datagram belongs;
• header checksum- calculated and updated after each change made to the header;

Datagram header

• options— the field is optional and does not have a fixed length;
• alignment- consists of zeros and is used to pad the datagram header to a length multiple of 32 bits.

Datagram service type
Service type field

• Specifies the service characteristics of a datagram as it travels over a particular network and is based on both the priority of any datagram in transit and the quality of its transmission, as defined by four subfields.

A priority

• Characterizes the priority of the datagram (from 0 - normal priority to 7 - network control).

Delay parameter

• 0 - normal;
• 1 - small.

Bandwidth setting

• 0 - normal;
• 1 - high.

Parameter of reliability of transmitted data

• 0 - normal;
• 1 - high.

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMP protocol

• Used to provide feedback between the sender of IP datagrams, their receivers, and between communication equipment.

Gateway

• A device that connects networks.

UDP User Datagram Protocol

• The goal is to transfer application program data using simple forwarding mechanisms.

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

• A highly reliable protocol that allows communication between hosts.

Tasks of the TCP

• reliable data delivery;
• data flow control;
• management of logical connections.

Application protocols

• They are focused on providing an interface between specific application tasks and means of transporting data over the network.
• Provide interaction between application processes and determine the form of such interaction.

TELNET protocol

• Provides data transfer between processes or between a process and a terminal.

Terminal

• A device that consists of input/output media and is used to communicate with host computers that run application programs.

Protocols
file transfer
FTP

• The File Transfer Protocol is a protocol designed to enable the exchange of files between servers and clients.

TFTP

• The simplest file transfer protocol.

NFS

• Network File System - a network service that allows you to combine the file systems of several remote machines into one whole.

SMTP

• A simple mail transfer protocol used to transfer text files and mail messages.

SNMP

• A simple network management protocol that allows you to monitor network activity, as well as manage workstations and network switching equipment.

Operation of IPX/SPX stack protocols

• Upper-level protocols, interacting with user applications, form messages, for the transmission of which they use the services of the SPX transport protocol.
• The SPX protocol, establishing a logical connection, in turn uses the IPX protocol to transfer data.

IPX packet interworking protocol

• Uses the datagram method of data transfer.

SAP Service Advertisement Protocol

• Used by the Novell NetWare network operating system server to notify workstations of their network services and their addresses.

Large Packet Protocols

• Large Internet Protocol (LIP) and Burst Mode Protocol (BMP).

Thank you For Your Attention

Thank you For Your Attention