Great physicists and their discoveries: Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein

FAMOUS SCIENTISTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE

Prepared by
Djumaboyeva Shokhina
The faculty of Physics
Group: MF-2102

Isaac Newton (25.12.1642 - 20.03.1727) - English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. Isaac Newton was born on 25 December 1642 at Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, England.

Education: When Newton was twelve he was admitted to The King’s School, Grantham. From 1661 he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Isaac Newton made a lot of discoveries in mathematics, physics, astronomy and other sciences:
*One of the most famous books of Newton is Philosophi? 
“Naturalis Principia Mathematica”
It was published in 1687. 
There are a lot of important discoveries in this book including universal gravitation and three laws of motion.
* The first practical reflecting telescope was also invented by Newton. 
* Between 1670 and 1672 he studied optics. 
As a result Newton showed that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colours.
* Isaac Newton is an author of the development of differential and integral calculus and he shares this mathematical discovery with Gottfried Leibniz.

Albert Einstein (14.03.1879 - 18.04.1955) was an outstanding German-born theoretical physicist and one of the fathers of modern physics. He was born on March 14th, 1879, in Ulm, in the family of a salesman.

Education: A Catholic elementary school in Munchen. He studied at the Zurich Polytechnic School.
Starting from 1909, he taught at this educational institution and became a Professor.
* He received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an Honorary Doctor of about 20 leading universities in the world. Einstein wrote more than 300 scientific papers and 150 books on the history and essence of science.
* His three important scientific works on the theory of relativity, the Brownian motion and quantum theory were published already in 1905.
* The next year, he created the formula about the relation between mass and energy.
* In 1916, he predicted the phenomenon of induced radiation of atoms.
* A year later he completed the general theory of relativity. His theory for the first time in science showed the link between the space-time geometry and distribution of mass in the universe. This theory was based on Newton’s gravitational law. Although Einstein’s theories seemed too revolutionary for that time, it soon received a number of confirmations.