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2. The cognitive mechanism of the listening comprehension
Listening is one of the main skill and a part of knowledge. The process of getting knowledge has sensitive and logical sides. These qualities come together is listening. The mechanisms of listening are studied well in fundamental science.
Psychologists called the first mechanism understand speech. It means some sensible changes. A person doesn’t know language cannot heat this language. (Famous psychologist academic Alexander Romanovich Luria came to this conclusion after many researches).
This mechanism is closely connected with the mechanism of listening memory, while understanding speech it helps to understand a part of speech automatically.
In comparison with process of speaking during the processes of automatic understanding speech active analysis work, (famous psychologist N.I. Jinkino proved this idea in his scientific works devoted to the study of the language).
The level of understanding is connected with repetition inside the speech listened, the person who listens repeats the text he/she listens inside. He/she repeats difficult or unknown parts of audio text, but he/she understands the text well the quantity of repeated text becomes less, it is recommended to teach listening and speaking together.
In listening there is a mechanism of comparison of the signals coming to the memory.
Comparison may be correct or incorrect depending on the person’s previous experience.
Listener’s experience is the trace left by listening and speaking in brains while comparison them listener becomes successful in recognizing them. It the trace left by listening is strong recognizing mechanism acts well, Information listened does not leave in brains in full and only the trace is left.
Next mechanism is called anticipation, which means admonishing (guessing?)
When mechanism works there is the possibility to guess the content of the audio text (through words and combinations).
One more mechanism is understanding audio text logically.
By forming these mechanisms, the listening/comprehensive skill of students is developed.