Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети инглиз тили назарий аспектлари №1

Componential analysis is the analysis of the meaning of the word attempting to describe the semantic ways in which words are alike or unlike. We can observe that words which cluster together to form lexical fields have certain features or attributes in common. Thus spaniels, terries, and pekinese not only have in common that they are domesticated pets, but that they are canine ones (separating from cats). But cats and dogs share the attribute of being mammals, of being non-human ones, of being animate (unlike hammers or benches) and so on. These features or attributes enable us to organise our field in terms of what the entities within it have in common and what distinguishes them from one another. A spaniels and terries have in common that they are domesticated and canine; according to M.McCarthy (1995) we can express these as semantic markers, or semes. Both also have in common their use as sporting or hunting dogs, and other possible features, but they also have distinguishing features (spaniels have large, droopy ears, silky coat, spotting retriever; terriers have small ears, they are hairy, burrowing when hunting).
As an aspect of the study of vocabulary, componential analysis is not without its problems. You may have found your analysis different from other people’s as our lexical competence is highly variable, is dynamic, in constant change and development, or you may have found it difficult to put into words just precisely what distinguishes a wallet from a purse.