Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети инглиз тили назарий аспектлари №1

(Letter) abbreviation is the process of replacement of longer phrases (names of well-known organisations, agencies and institutions, political parties, famous people, official offices) to the initial letters the whole group stands for. They are normally pronounced letter by letter, e.g. JFK = John Fitzgerald Kennedy; CBW = chemical and biological warfare, DOD = Department of Defence (of the USA), SST = supersonic transport, etc.
Acronyms are the vocabulary units spoken as words and made by means of abbreviation, e.g. NATO ['neitou] = North Atlantic Treaty Organisation; laser ['leizə] = light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; radar ['reidə] = radio detection and ranging; I nterpol = international police.
Clipping refers to the creation of new words by shortening a word of two or more syllables (usually nouns and adjectives) without changing its class membership.
Clippings are traditionally classified according to the part of the word that is clipped:
1) Apocope – when words have been shortened at the end, e.g. ad (from advertisement), lab (from laboratory), mike (from microphone), etc.
2) Aphaeresis – when words have been shortened at the beginning, e.g. car (from motor-car), phone (from telephone), copter (from helicopter), etc.
3) Syncope – when some syllables or sounds have been omitted from the middle, e.g. maths (from mathematics), pants (from pantaloons), specs (from spectacles), etc.
4) Combined clipping also occur –words that have been clipped both at the beginning and at the end, e.g. flu (from ‘influenza’), tec (from ‘detective’), fridge (from ‘refrigerator’).
Blending is the process of creating words by means of merging irregular fragments of several words together, e.g. medicare (from ‘medical care’), polutician (from ‘pollute’ and ‘politician’), brunch (from ‘breakfast’ and ‘lunch’), smog (from ‘smoke’ and ‘fog’), etc.