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TEACHING MONOLOGICAL SPEECH TO PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Najmiddinova Gulnoza Odilovna
Lecturer
at TSPU named after Nizami, Faculty of Preschool Education
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 8, 2019 No.
PP-4312 approved the "Concept for the development of the preschool education system
of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030", which clearly outlined the goals and priority
areas for the development of the preschool education system. The Concept emphasized
that the creation of conditions for
the comprehensive intellectual, moral, aesthetic and
physical development of preschool children requires a revision of the existing order of
organizing the educational process in preschool educational organizations and the
introduction of modern methods of providing preschool education services.
The tasks and content of teaching monologue speech
are determined by the
characteristics of the development of coherent speech of children and the features of a
monologue statement.
The formation of the skills and abilities of monologue
speech requires the
mandatory development of the following specific qualities of a monologue:
1. Connections, i.e. teach various ways of interphrase communication: repetition,
synonymous, pronominal, allied;
2. Imagery, that is, to form in children the ability to use various means of imagery
in monologues (epithets, comparisons, metaphors, etc.).
When teaching children how to build a detailed statement, it is necessary to form
their ideas about the structure of the text (beginning, middle, end) and the ways (means)
of connection between sentences and structural parts of the statement. It is the methods
of communication that act as one of the important conditions for the formation of the
coherence of a speech statement.
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In any complete statement, there are the most typical ways of connecting phrases.
The most
common of them is a chain link, the main means of which are pronouns
(There is a bear. He loves honey), lexical repetition (The bunny ran away, the bunny is
scared), replacement with synonyms (The fox caught the mouse. The redhead rejoices).
Chain connection makes speech more flexible and varied, avoids repetition of the
same words and structures. Sentences can be connected
using a parallel connection
when they are not linked, but are compared or contrasted. (It was pouring rain. The
hares hid in their burrows).
When constructing coherent texts, it is necessary to teach preschoolers to reveal
the topic and main idea of the statement, to title the text, to correctly use the intonation
of a separate sentence, which is important for the design of
the structural unity and
semantic completeness of the text as a whole. Often, linguists refer to the definition
given by I. R. Galperin: “A text is a work of a speech-creative process that has
completeness, consisting of a name (heading), a number of special units (words,
phrases,
sentences, paragraphs), united by different types of links (lexical ,
grammatical, stylistic, logical), having a certain focus and attitude. According to the
method of information transfer or the method of presentation, the following types of
statements are distinguished: description, narration, reasoning.
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