Ўзбекистон республикаси ахборот технологиялари ва коммуникацияларини ривожлантириш вазирлиги муҳаммад ал-хоразмий номидаги

ROLE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN FUTURE 
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS 
Sh.U. Pulatov (professor, TUIT named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi) 
N.X. Fayzullayevi (master student TUIT named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi) 
While working out the further development of the fifth generation standard, 
3GPP laid the possibility of integrating the standard with satellite communication 
systems in Rel.17. This will significantly impact the expansion of 5G connectivity. 
The integration of satellite communications and 5G can provide the long-awaited 
universal connectivity of “everything, anytime, anywhere”. 
Satellite broadcasting and mobile-satellite communications systems for air 
and sea coverage are established markets, but satellites have not demonstrated their 
ability to compete with terrestrial services elsewhere. However, one should 
remember the unique features of satellites: a wide coverage area and the speed of 
bringing new services to market. This will be key to the provision of affordable 
services in the future and the selection of satellite as the preferred delivery 
mechanism. 
The revival of interest in communication from space began around 2014, in 
which advances in technology and the requirements for ensuring universal 
connectivity contributed a lot. Advances in microelectronics have made it possible 
for satellite communications to use technologies such as multi-directional 
(multipoint) antennas, onboard digital processing of the radio signal, and improved 
modulation and coding schemes. Meanwhile, the duration of development and the 
cost of equipment for satellite systems continued to decline significantly. 
Satellite systems should have the flexibility to support a range of multimedia 
services (Fig. 1) and that for these to be delivered economically, there is need for 
integration with terrestrial systems — satellite systems cannot exist in isolation 
except in niche areas. 
Figure 1. Satellite services and coverage
Based on business and market observation in the recent past, the satellite 
community must definitely look at the satellite as an integrated part of the global 
telecommunications infrastructure rather than as an individual entity. This 
phenomenon is going to be the basis for future satellite system architectures; a 
possible generic system concept is depicted in Fig. 2.

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Figure 2. Layered networks.[2] 
Satellite communications networks are now capable of supporting data rates 
of up to several gigabits per second, which meet the requirements of enhanced 
eMBB mobile broadband services. Thousands of channels of high-bandwidth 
content (HD and UHD) can be streamed today, and all of these capabilities can be 
implemented to support next-generation 5G mobile network services. 
Satellite networks are already used as transport in 2G / 3G mobile 
communications in many regions of the world, and high-performance modern and 
next-generation satellites (HTS) in geostationary and non-geostationary orbits will 
be able to support the transport infrastructure of 4G / LTE and 5G mobile 
networks. 
The concept of the 5G satellite segment being considered today is based on 
the following premises: 
- the satellite segment will integrate with other mobile and fixed networks - 
the integration of the satellite and terrestrial 5G segment is the core of this vision; 
- space communication systems are fundamental components for the reliable 
provision of 5G services not only in Europe but also in all other regions of the 
world, all the time and at an affordable price; 
- 5G satellite segment will contribute to the characteristics of globality, 
increase the capabilities of 5G services and solve the problems associated with 
supporting the growth of multimedia traffic, ubiquitous coverage, machine-to-
machine communications and mission-critical telecom missions while optimizing 
the cost to end users; 
- the space segment could be part of a hybrid network configuration consisting 
of broadcast and broadband infrastructures, managed to provide seamless and 
immediate convergence of 5G services for all end users. [3] 
The satellite segment of 5G networks is becoming one of the topical 
directions for the development and standardization of 5G networks in the period 
2020–2025. Leading international communication organizations, consortia and 
major manufacturers have joined in active research on the possibilities of creating 
a 5G satellite segment in the frequency bands that are allocated to the satellite 
radio service, primarily in the S-, Ka- and V-frequency bands. 
The key problems in the development of the satellite segment of the 5G 
standard may be the sharing of the radio frequency spectrum in the frequency 
bands allocated on a primary basis to the satellite and terrestrial 5G segments, as 
well as the intersystem electromagnetic compatibility of onboard equipment and 

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earth stations with the equipment of base and subscriber stations of the 5G 
terrestrial segment.