0 ‘zbekiston Respublikasi Fuqarolik kodeksining 233-moddasida qaysi
huquqiy norma keltirilgan ?
A. M ulk huquqining qonunga m uvofiq bekor b o ‘lish oqibatlari.
V. M ulkdor b o ‘lmagan eganing huquqlarini him oya qilish.
5. M ol-m ulkni insofli egallovchidan talab qilib olish.
D.
M ulkdorning huquqlarini egalik qilishdan m ahrum etish bilan bog‘liq
b o ‘lm agan huquqbuzarliklardan h im oya qilish.
X V I I bob.
M A J B U R IY A T H U Q U Q I Y A
M A J B U R IY A T L A R N IN G V U J U D G A K E L I S H I
l - § . M a jb u r iy a t v a m a jb u r iy a t h u q u q i tu s h u n c h a la r i
F u q a ro lik h u q u q id a m a jb u riy a t d e b s h u n d a y f u q a ro lik h u q u q iy
m u n o s a b a tg a a y tila d ik i, u n g a a so sa n b ir sh a x s ( q a rz d o r) b o s h q a sh ax s
(k re d ito r) foydasiga m u a y y a n h a ra k a tla rn i a m a lg a o sh irish g a , ju m la d a n :
m o l-m u lk n i to p s h iris h , ish larn i b ajarish , x iz m a tla r k o ‘rsatish , p u l t o ‘lash
v a h o k a z o y o k i m u a y y a n h a r a k a td a n o ‘z in i s a q la s h g a m a jb u r b o ‘ladi;
k r e d ito r e s a , q a r z d o r d a n o ‘z in in g m a jb u riy a tla rin i b a ja rish n i ta la b qilish
h u q u q ig a ega b o ‘lad i ( Ғ К , 2 3 4 - m o d d a ) .
Y u q o rid a b e rilg a n t a ’rifga k o ‘ra , m a jb u riy a t k e n g m a ’n o d a h u q u q
s u b y e k tla ri h is o b la n g a n s h a x s la r (ta s h k ilo tla r v a f u q a ro la r) o ‘rta sid a
b o ‘la d ig a n f u q a r o lik - h u q u q iy x a ra k te rd a g i m u n o s a b a tla r n i b ild ira d i.
M a jb u riy a t tu s h u n c h a s i h u q u q n in g b o s h q a s o h a la rid a h a m , ju m -
la d a n , m a ’m u riy h u q u q , o ila h u q u q i, m e h n a t h u q u q i s o h a la r id a h a m
b e rila d i. « M a jb u riy a t» a ta m a si b o s h q a m a ’n o la r d a h a m is h ia tila d i, m a -
s a la n , m a jb u riy a t d e b fa q a t m u a y y a n b ir h a ra k a tn i q ilis h g a , ju m la -
d a n , ija ra h a q in i t o ‘la sh g a , s o tib o lin g a n n a rs a n in g q iy m a tin i t o ‘lashga
q a ra tilg a n b u rc h g a h a m a y tila d i.
M a jb u riy a t su b y e k tla ri va o b y e k tla ri u n in g m u h im e le m e n tla r i h i-
s o b la n a d i.
M a jb u riy a t su b y e k tla ri m u a y y a n h u q u q la rg a eg a b o ‘lg an v a z im -
m a sig a m a jb u riy a t o lg a n s h a x s la rd ir. H a r b ir m a jb u riy a td a , a lb a tta ,
ikki t a r a f is h tiro k e ta d i. M u a y y a n b ir h a r a k a tn in g q ilin is h in i y o k i
m u a y y a n h a r a k a tn i q ilis h d a n s a q la n is h n i ta la b e tis h g a h a q li b o ‘lgan
ta r a f - k r e d ito r d e b a ta la d i. M u a y y a n h a ra k a tn i q ilish g a y o k i h a ra k a t
q ilis h d a n s a q la n is h g a m a jb u r b o ‘lg an ta r a f esa, q a r z d o r d e b a ta la d i.
M a jb u riy a td a is h tiro k e tu v c h i k r e d ito r n in g h u q u q i n isb iy h u q u q
b o ‘la d i, c h u n k i k re d ito r fa q a t m a ’lu m shaxs yoki sh ax slarg a ( b ir q a rz d o r
y o k i b ir n e c h a q a rz d o rla rg a ) n is b a ta n ta la b q o ‘yish h u q u q ig a ega.
M a jb u riy a td a k re d ito r n in g ta la b q ilish h u q u q i va s h u n g a y a ra s h a
q a r z d o r n in g b u r c h i n im a g a q a ra tilg a n b o ‘lsa, s h u n in g o ‘zi m a jb u riy a t
o b y e k ti h is o b la n a d i. J u m la d a n , h u q u q va b u r c h la r b ir o n - b i r a s h y o n i
o lish g a , to p s h ir is h g a , m u a y y a n p u l s u m m a s in i t o ‘la sh g a , b ir o n - b ir
ish n in g b a ja rilis h ig a q a r a tilg a n h u q u q iy h a r a k a tla rd a n ib o r a t boM ishi
m u m k in .
M a jb u riy a tla r m a jb u riy a t h u q u q i tu s h u n c h a s in i k e ltirib c h iq a r a d i.
M a jb u riy a t h u q u q i m u lk to p s h iris h , ish la rn i b a ja ris h , x iz m a t k o ‘rsa tish
yoki pul t o ‘lash b ila n b o g ‘lik b o ‘lg an ijtim o iy m u n o s a b a tla r n i ta r tib g a
so la d ig a n fu q a ro lik h u q u q iy n o r m a la r y ig ‘in d is id ir. M a jb u riy a t h u q u q i
ja m iy a tim iz d a m u lk iy m u n o s a b a tla r n in g en g m u h im v a k e n g s o h a s in i,
o ‘zin in g f u q a r o lik - h u q u q iy x a ra k te rid a g i q o id a la ri b ila n ta rtib g a so la d i.
U ta s h k ilo tla r b ila n f u q a r o la r o ‘rta sid a g i m u n o s a b a tla r n i h a m , j u m l a -
d a n , fu q a ro la rg a x ilm a - x il to v a rla r, o z iq -o v q a t m a h s u lo tla rin i s o tis h d a ,
u la rg a tu rli xil x iz m a tla r k o ‘rsa tish , u y -jo y la r b e rish v a b o s h q a h o lla r d a
v u ju d g a k e la d ig a n m u n o s a b a tla r n i h a m ta rtib g a so la d i.
J a m iy a td a g i m a jb u r iy a tg a o id h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a tla r fu q a r o la r v a
ta s h k ilo tla m in g x ilm a - x il e h tiy o jla rin i q o n d ir is h , t a ’m in la s h m a q s a d -
la rid a o ‘rn a tila d i.
M a jb u riy a tla r t o ‘g ‘risid a g i n o rm a la r m u lk n in g b ir sh a x sd a n ik k in c h i
sh ax sg a o ‘tis h in i, is h la b c h iq a ris h v a m a ish iy x iz m a t k o ‘rsa tish k o r x o -
n a la ri o rq a li x ilm a -x il x iz m a tla r k o ‘rsa tilish in i ta rtib g a s o la d i. M a jb u -
riy a tla r v o sita sid a m u lk va m u lk iy h u q u q la r q o ‘riq la n is h i t a ’m in la n a d i,
f u q a r o n in g s o g ‘l i g ‘ig a z a r a r y e t k a z ilg a n d a , f u q a r o o ‘l d i r i l g a n i d a
k rilg an z a ra rla r q o p la n a d i va h o k a z o .
M a jb u riy a t h u q u q i f u q a r o la r b ila n f u q a r o la r o ‘rta sid a g i m u n o -
s a b a tla r n i h a m , j u m l a d a n , b o z o r l a r d a o z i q - o v q a t m a h s u l o t l a r i n i
o lish d a , u y -jo y s o tib o lis h va b o s h q a h o lla rd a b o ‘la d ig a n o ‘z a ro r n u n o -
s a b a tla rn i h a m ta r tib g a s o la d i. U ta s h k ilo t v a fu q a ro la rg a y e tk a z ilg a n
m u lk iy z a ra rn in g t o ‘la n is h in i, s h u n in g d e k , q o n u n y o k i s h a r tn o m a la r
b ila n b e lg ila n g a n a s o s la r boM m ay tu rib o lin g a n n a rs a la rn in g q a y ta -
rilish in i t a ’m in la y d ig a n h u q u q la r n i h a m o ‘z ic h ig a o la d i.
M a jb u riy a t h u q u q i tiz im i ikki a so siy b o M im d a n : m a jb u r iy a tla r
t o ‘g ‘risidagi u m u m iy q o id a la r va m a jb u r iy a tla r n in g a y rim tu r la r ig a
o id m ax su s q o id a la r d a n ib o ra t.
M a jb u riy a t t o ‘g ‘ris id a g i u m u m iy q o id a la r d a ( F K n in g 2 3 4 - 3 8 5 -
m o d d a la ri) m a jb u r iy a tla r n in g k elib c h iq is h i v a b a ja rilis h i, m a jb u r iy a t-
la rn in g b a ja rilish in i t a ’m in la s h , ta la b q ilish h u q u q in i b iro v g a o ‘tk a z is h
v a q a rz n i k o “c h ir is h . m a jb u r iy a tla r n i b u z g a n lik u c h u n ja v o b g a rlik v a
n ih o y a t m a jb u riy a tla rn in g b e k o r q ilin ish i a s o s la ri, m a jb u riy a t m u n o s a -
b a tla r in i v u ju d g a k e ltiru v c h i a s o s iy h u q u q iy v o s ita h is o b la n g a n s h a r t-
n o m a la r va u la rn i tu z is h , o ‘z g a rtiris h h a m d a b e k o r q ilish ta r tib i k a b i
m a s a la la r b e lg ila n a d i.
M a jb u r iy a tla r n in g a y rim tu r la r ig a b a g ‘is h la n g a n F K n o r m a l a r i
m a jb u riy a t h u q u q i to m o n id a n ta rtib g a s o lin a d ig a n ijtim o iy m u n o s a -
b a tla r n ih o y a td a k o ‘p v a x ilm a -x il b o ‘lg an lig i tu fay li k o d e k s d a s a lm o q li
o ‘rin n i e g a lla y d i.
M a jb u riy a t h u q u q in in g m a z k u r m a x su s q ism i n o r m a la ri m a z m u n i
v a h a jm i b o ‘y ic h a te n g b o ‘lm a g a n :
• s h a r tn o m a li m a jb u riy a t in s titu tla rig a ;
• s h a r tn o m a s iz m a jb u riy a t in s titu tla rig a b o ‘lin g an .
S h a r tn o m a li m a jb u riy a tla rg a o id h u q u q iy in s titu tla r ju m la s ig a :
• o ld i- s o td i;
• m a h s u lo t y e tk a z ib b e rish ;
• q a rz ;
• k o n tra k ta ts iy a ;
• p u d ra t;
• m u lk ijarasi;
• lizing;
• u y -jo y ijarasi;
• y uk v a y o ‘lo v c h ila r ta s h is h ;
• fra n s h iz in g ;
• s u g ‘u r ta kabi b ir q a to r s h a r tn o m a la r a so sid a v u ju d g a k e la d ig a n
m u n o s a b a tla r n i ta rtib g a s o la d ig a n h u q u q iy n o r m a la r k ira d i.
S h a r tn o m a d a n ta s h q a r i m a jb u r iy a tla r g a oid h u q u q iy i n s t i t u t l a r n i
a s o s a n q u y id a g ila r:
• z a r a r y e tk a z is h d a n k elib c h iq a d ig a n m a jb u riy a tla r,
• a so ssiz b o y lik o rttir is h o q ib a tid a k elib c h iq a d ig a n m a jb u r iy a tla r
ta sh k il e ta d i.
M a jb u r iy a t m a z m u n i d e g a n d a , k re d ito rn in g q a rz d o r t o m o n i d a n
m u a y y a n h a ra k a tla r q ilin ish in i (yoki q ilin m a slig in i) ta la b e tis h g a b o ‘lgan
h u q u q i va q a rz d o rn i sh u n g a y ara sh a b o ‘lgan b u rc h i tu s h u n ila d i. Q a r z d o r
to m o n id a n q ilin is h i lo z im b o ‘lg an h a r a k a tla r h a r xil a s h y o n i e g a sig a
to p s h ir is h , a s h y o la rn i fo y d a la n is h u c h u n to p s h iris h , m aM um s u m m a
p u ln i toM ash, b ir o n - b ir ish n i b a ja rish y o k i x iz m a t k o ‘rs a tis h , q a r z d o r
to m o n id a n b itim n in g tu z ilish in i t a ’m in la s h , b iro v g a y e tk a z ilg a n z a r a rn i
toM ash, a s o s s iz o rttir ilg a n b o y lik n i o ‘z eg asig a q a y ta ris h t o ‘g ‘ris id a
boM ishi m u m k in .
Y u q o rid a k o ‘rsa tilg a n m a jb u riy a t o b y e k tla rid a n k o ‘r in is h ic h a , m a j-
b u riy a tn in g m a z m u n i aso sa n m u lk iy x a ra k te rd a g i h u q u q va b u r c h la r d a n
ib o r a t b o M s a -d a , h u q u q s u b y e k tla r in i o ‘z a r o m u lk iy x a r a k t e r d a
b o M m ag an m a jb u riy a tla r h a m b e lg ila sh la ri m u m k in . M a s a la n , m a ’lu m
a s a r m u a llif la r id a n b iri o ‘z a ro k e lis h u v b o ‘y ic h a m u a y y a n v a q t ic h id a
a s a r n i n g b i r q is m in i t u z a t i b , q a y t a is h la b k e lis h t o ‘g ‘r is id a o ‘z
z im m a s ig a m a jb u riy a t o lish i m u m k in .
X u lo s a q ilib a y tg a n d a , m a jb u r iy a tla m in g m a z m u n id a q o n u n g a x ilo f
b o ‘lm a g a n h a r q a n d a y m u lk iy v a n o m u lk iy h a r a k a tla r n i q ilis h n i ta la b
e tis h g a q a r a tilg a n h u q u q la r v a b u h a r a k a t l a m i q ilish y u z a s id a n o lin g a n
m a jb u r iy a tla r b o ‘lishi m u m k in .
2 - § . M a jb u r iy a tla m in g tu r l a r i
M a jb u r iy a t ta r a fla rin in g b ir - b ir la r ig a n is b a ta n b e lg ila n g a n h u q u q
v a m a jb u riy a tla ri u la rn in g x a ra k te rig a q a r a b fa rq la n a d i. M a jb u r iy a tla r
o ‘z in in g m a z m u n i, o b y e k tla ri va s u b y e k tla rig a q a ra b q u y id a g i tu r la r g a
b o ‘lin a d i:
1. Ijo b iy m a z m u n li m a jb u riy a tla r v a s a lb iy m a z m u n li m a jb u r iy a tla r .
A g a r m a jb u riy a t y u z a s id a n q a r z d o r m u a y y a n b ir h a r a k a tn i q ilis h g a
b u rc h li b o ‘lib , k r e d ito r a y n a n s h u n d a y h a r a k a tn in g q ilin is h in i ta la b
q ilish g a h a q li b o ‘lsa, b u n d a y m a jb u r iy a t ijo b iy m a z m u n li m a jb u riy a t
h is o b la n a d i. H u q u q iy m u n o s a b a tn in g k o ‘p c h ilig id a ijo b iy m a z m u n li
m a jb u riy a tla r y o tad i. M a salan : o ld i- s o td i, m u lk n i ijarag a b e ris h , m a ish iy
x iz m a t k o ‘rsa tish s o h a s id a o lin a d ig a n m a jb u r iy a tla r - ijo b iy m a z m u n li
m a jb u r iy a tla r d ir .
A g a r m a jb u r iy a t b o ‘y ic h a q a r z d o r m u a y y a n h a r a k a tn i q ilis h d a n
s a q la n is h g a b u r c h li, k r e d ito r h a r a k a t q ilis h d a n s a q la n is h in i ta la b e tis h
h u q u q ig a e g a b o ‘lsa b u n d a y m a jb u r iy a t s a lb iy m a z m u n li m a jb u r iy a t
h is o b la n a d i. M a s a la n , n a s h r iy o t s h a r t n o m a s i b o ‘y ic h a m u a l l i f s h a r t -
n o m a k u c h d a b o ‘lg a n d a v r d a o ‘z a s a r in i b o s h q a n a s h r iy o tg a t o p s h i-
r is h d a n s a q la n is h m a jb u riy a tin i o ls a , n a s h r iy o t m u a llif n in g b o s h q a
n a s h r iy o t b ila n s h a r tn o m a tu z is h d a n s a q la n is h in i ta la b e tis h h u q u q in i
o la d i.
2 . B ir to m o n la m a va ikki to m o n la m a m a jb u r iy a tla r . M a jb u r iy a td a
q a tn a s h u v c h ila r n in g b irid a fa q a t ta la b q ilish h u q u q i (y o k i h u q u q la r i) ,
ik k in c h i to m o n d a e sa , fa q a t m a jb u r iy a t ( m a jb u r iy a tla r ) b o ‘lsa , b u n d a y
m a jb u riy a tla r b ir to m o n la m a m a jb u r iy a tla r h is o b la n a d i. M a s a la n , q a r z
s h a r tn o m a s i, q a rz s h a r tn o m a s i b o ‘y ic h a q a r z b e rg a n s h a x s q a r z n in g
q a y ta rilis h in i ta la b q ilish h u q u q ig a e g a b o ‘lsa , q a r z d o r o ‘z z im m a s ig a
o lg a n q a rz in i q a y ta ris h g a b u rc h lid ir.
H u q u q iy m u n o s a b a td a q a tn a s h u v c h ila r n in g h a r qaysisi h a m h u q u q ,
h a m m a jb u riy a tg a eg a b o ‘lsa, b u n d a y m a jb u r iy a tla r ikki t o m o n l a m a
m a jb u riy a t h is o b la n a d i. Ik k i to m o n la m a m a jb u r iy a tla rg a o ld i- s o td i,
ija ra , p u d r a t k a b i s h a r t n o m a l a r n i m is o l q ilib k o ‘rs a tis h m u m k in .
J u m la d a n , o ld i- s o td i m u n o s a b a tid a s o tu v c h id a s o tilg a n n a r s a n i to p s h i-
rish m a jb u riy a ti b o ‘lsa , o lu v c h id a s o tib o lin g a n n a r s a n in g q iy m a tig a
y a ra sh a h a q t o ‘lash m a jb u riy a ti b o ‘lad i v a a k s in c h a .
3 . M u a y y a n h a r a k a t n i b a j a r i s h g a q a r a t i l g a n v a m u q o b il
m a jb u riy a tla r. A g a r h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a t b o ‘y ic h a k r e d ito r q a r z d o r d a n
m u a y y a n b ir h a ra k a t q ilin is h in i, m a s a la n , m a ’lu m is h n in g b a ja rilis h in i,
b ir o n - b ir a s h y o n in g to p s h irilis h in i yoki m a ’lu m s u m m a p u l t o i a n i s h i n i
ta la b q ilish h u q u q ig a e g a b o i s a , b u n d a y m a jb u riy a t m u a y y a n h a r a k a tn i
b a ja rish g a q a ra tilg a n m a jb u riy a t h is o b la n a d i. A g a r h u q u q iy m u n o -
s a b a td a k r e d ito m in g ta la b i b o ‘y ic h a q a r z d o r b ir n e c h a h a r a k a tla r d a n
b irin i b a ja rish g a m a jb u r b o i s a , b u n d a y m a jb u riy a t m u q o b il m a jb u riy a t
s a n a la d i. M u q o b il m a jb u r iy a t b o ‘y ic h a h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a td a b ir
n e c h a h a r a k a t k o ‘rs a tilg a n b o i s a h a m m a jb u r iy a tn in g m a z m u n in i
q a r z d o r n in g f a q a t b ir g in a m a jb u r iy a ti v a k r e d i t o r n i n g s h u m a j-
b u riy a tn in g b a ja rilis h in i ta la b q ilish g a b o i g a n h u q u q i ta s h k il e ta d i.
H u q u q iy m u n o s a b a t d a n a z a r d a t u t i l g a n h a r a k a t l a r d a n b i r i n i n g
b a ja rilish i b ila n m a jb u riy a t ijro e tilg a n h is o b la n a d i. M u q o b il m a jb u -
riy a tn in g b a ja rilish i t o ‘gVrisidagi q o id a F K n in g 2 5 0 - m o d d a s id a b e rilg a n .
M a z k u r m o d d a d a k o ‘rs a tilis h ic h a , a g a r q a r z d o r ikki y o k i b ir n e c h a
h a r a k a tla rd a n b irin i b a ja ris h g a m a jb u r b o i s a , q o n u n , s h a r tn o m a yo k i
m ajfem riyam rng m o h iy a tid a n b o s h q a c h a ta r tib a n g la s h ilm a s a , ta n la s h
h u q u q i q a r z d o r ix tiy o rid a b o i a d i . 0 ‘z b e k is to n R e s p u b lik a s in in g b ir
q a to r q o n u n h u jja tla rid a q a n d a y m a jb u riy a tn in g b a ja rilish i lo z im lig in i
ta n la s h h u q u q i k re d ito rg a b erilg a n lig i k o ‘rs a tila d i. J u m la d a n , u la rd a
so tilg a n a s h y o n in g sifati lo z im d a ra ja d a b o i m a g a n d a , s o tib o lu v c h i
o ‘z x o h ish i b ila n a n a s h u a s h y o n i b o s h q a sifa tli ash y o g a a lm a s h tir is h
yoki x a rid b a h o s in i te g ish li d a ra ja d a k a m a y tiris h n i y o x u d s o tu v c h in in g
s h u a s h y o d a g i k a m c h ilik la rn i h a q o lm a y tu z a tib b e ris h in i y o k i sh u
k a m c h ilik n i tu z a tis h u c h u n o lu v c h in in g q ilg a n x a ra ja tla rin i t o i a s h n i
yo b o i m a s a s h a r tn o m a n i b e k o r q ilib , o ‘z ig a y e tk a z ilg a n z a ra rn in g
t o i a n i s h i n i ta la b q ilish g a h a q li b o i a d i , d e b k o ‘rs a tila d i. B u q o id a
b o ‘y ic h a q a r z d o r sifatid ag i so tu v c h i to m o n id a n b a jarilish i lo z im b o i g a n
h a r a k a tla rd a n b irin i ta n la s h h u q u q i k re d ito rg a , y a ’ni s o tib o lu v c h ig a
b e rila d i.
4 . S h a x s iy x a r a k t e r g a e g a b o i g a n m a j b u r i y a t l a r v a s h a x s iy
x a r a k te r g a e g a b o i m a g a n m a jb u riy a tla r. B a ’zi m a jb u r iy a tla r h u q u q iy
m u n o s a b a td a q a tn a s h u v c h ila rn in g h a r qaysisi y o k i b irin in g sh ax si b ila n
q a tiy b o g ‘liq b o ‘lish i m u m k in . M a sa la n , to p s h iriq s h a rtn o m a s i b o ‘y ic h a
v u ju d g a k e la d ig a n m a jb u riy a t v a k iln in g (to p s h ir iq n i b a ja ru v c h in in g )
is h o n c h li sh a x s b lis h ig a q a ra b b e lg ila n a d i. B u n d a y sh ax siy x a ra k te r g a
e g a b o ‘lgan m a jb u riy a tla rn in g b a ja rilish in i, a g a r q o n u n yoki s h a r tn o m a -
d a b o s h q a c h a h o l b e lg ila n m a g a n b o ‘lsa, b o s h q a sh a x sg a o ‘tk a z ilis h ig a
y o ‘l q o ‘y m a y d i, k r e d ito r h a m b o s h q a sh ax s b ila n a lm a s h in is h i m u m k in
e m a s. B u n d a y m a jb u r iy a tla r , o d a td a , q a r z d o r y o k i k r e d ito r n in g v a fo t
e tish i b ila n b e k o r b o ‘la d i.
A k sariy at h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a tla r d a m a jb u riy a tn in g k im to m o n i d a n
b a ja rilis h i a h a m iy a tg a e g a b o ‘lm a y d i. M a s a la n , q a rz s h a r tn o m a s i
b o ‘y ic h a m a jb u riy a t f u q a ro A. to m o n id a n h a m y o k i u n in g u c h u n fu q a ro
S. to m o n id a n h a m b a ja rilis h i m u m k in . B u n d a y sh a x siy x a ra k te rg a e g a
b o ‘lm a g a n m a jb u r iy a tla r b o ‘y ic h a k r e d ito r h a m , q a r z d o r h a m b o s h q a
shaxs b ilan a lm a s h in is h ig a y o ‘l q o ‘yiladi. B u n d a y m a jb u riy a tla r b o ‘y ic h a
k r e d ito r yoki q a r z d o r n in g v a fo t e tis h i m a jb u r iy a tn in g b e k o r q ilin is h i
u c h u n asos boM m ay d i.
M a jb u riy a td a s a n k s iy a m a sa la sig a k e lsa k , fu q a ro lik h u q u q i n o r -
m a la rig a m u v o fiq q o ‘lla n ila d ig a n m a jb u rla sh c h o r a la ri k o ‘p in c h a h u q u q
b u z ilish id a , m a jb u r iy a tla r n i b a ja rm a s lik y o k i te g is h li d a ra ja d a b a ja r -
m a slik u c h u n q o ‘lla n ila d i. S a n k siy a fu q a ro lik h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a tid a
is h tiro k e ta y o tg a n ta r a f la r o ‘z z im m a la rid a g i m a jb u riy a tla rin i b a ja r m a -
g a n yoki lo z im d a r a ja d a b a ja rm a g a n la rid a h u q u q n o r m a la r ig a m u v o fiq
q o ‘llan ilad ig an m a jb u r la s h c h o ra s id ir. B u z ilg a n m a jb u riy a tla r y u z a s id a n
q oM laniladigan s a n k s iy a la r h a r xil. M a jb u riy c h o r a sifa tid a q o ‘lla n ila -
d ig a n s a n k siy a la r u m u m iy x a ra k te r g a ega boM ishi h a m d a m a x su s, y a ’ni
a n iq b ir h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a td a n y u z a g a k e lg a n h a r a k a tla rg a n is b a ta n
q o ‘lla n ila d ig a n b o ‘lish i m u m k in .
U m u m iy x a r a k te r d a g i s a n k s iy a la r m a jb u r iy a tn in g b a ja r ilis h in i
k e c h ik tiris h , b ir o r a s h y o n i to p s h iris h m a jb u riy a tin i b a ja rm a s lik u c h u n
q o ‘lla n ila d i. M a x s u s s a n k s iy a la rg a m iso l q ilib s o tilg a n a s h y o la rn in g
sifati teg ish li d a r a ja d a b o ‘lm a slig i u c h u n s o tu v c h in in g ja v o b g a rlig in i
k o ‘rsatish m u m k in . S a n k s iy a m a jb u riy a tla rd a is h tiro k e tu v c h i va o ‘z
z im m a la rid a g i m a jb u r iy a tla r n i b a ja rm a g a n t a r a f - k r e d ito r va q a rz d o r g a
n is b a ta n q o ‘lla n ila d i.
M a jb u riy a tla rn i b u z g a n lik u c h u n q o M la n ila d ig a n s a n k s iy a la r q u y i-
dag i g u ru h la rg a bo M in ish i m u m k in :
1.
Ix tiy o riy b a ja r ilm a g a n b u r c h n i m a jb u riy ijro e ttiris h . M a s a la n ,
o lin g a n q a rz ix tiy o riy ra v is h d a to M a n m a g a n id a u n i m a jb u r a n u n d ir is h
m u m k in boM adi.
2. S h a r tn o m a d a k o ‘rsa tilg a n m a jb u riy a t b a ja r ilm a g a n d a u n i b ir
to m o n la m a b e k o r qilish . M a s a la n , ija ra g a o lu v c h i o ‘z m a jb u r iy a tin i
b a ja r m a g a n d a ija ra g a b e ru v c h in in g ta la b i b ila n s h a r tn o m a m u d d a tid a n
o ld in b e k o r q ilin is h i m u m k in .
3. M a jb u riy a tn in g ijro e tilis h i ta r tib in i o ‘z g a rtirish . M a s a la n m a h -
s u lo t o lu v c h i ta s h k ilo t a w a l m a h s u lo tla r i u c h u n h a q t o ‘la s h n i k e c h ik -
tir g a n id a m a h s u lo t y e tk a z u v c h i u b ila n a k se p t sh ak li b o ‘y ic h a h is o b -
k ito b q ilm a y b a lk i x a rid o r ta s h k ilo tg a n o q u la y b o ‘lg an a k k re d itiv sh a k li
b o ‘y ic h a h is o b la s h is h ta r tib ig a o ‘tis h i m u m k in .
4. T u z u k t a r a f z im m a s id a b o ‘lg a n m a jb u r iy a tla r h a jm in i k a m a y -
tir is h g a q a r a t i l g a n s a n k s iy a la r . B u n g a m is o l q ilib x a r i d o r o ‘z ig a
s h a r t n o m a s h a r tla r ig a n o m u v o f iq s ifa td a g i a s h y o t o p s h i r i l g a n i d a ,
u n in g n a r x i n i te g is h lic h a k a m a y t i r i s h n i ta la b q ila o lis h in i k o ‘r s a tis h
m u m k in .
5. N o t u z u k ta ra fn in g z im m a s id a b o ‘lg a n m a jb u r iy a tla r h a jm in i
o s h iris h . B u n d a y sa n k siy a q o ‘lla n ilis h id a m a jb u riy a tn i b u z g a n n o tu z u k
ta r a f o ‘zi u c h u n n o q u la y b o ‘lg a n b a ’zi v a z ifa la rn i, q o ‘s h im c h a m a jb u -
riy a tla rn i b a ja ris h g a m a jb u r q ilin a d i. M a s a la n , sifatli n a r s a o ‘rn ig a
sifa tsiz a s h y o to p s h irg a n s o tu v c h i b u a s h y o n in g n u q s o n la r in i tu z a tis h
u c h u n yoki k a m c h ilik la rn i y o ‘q o tis h u c h u n x a rid o r to m o n id a n q ilin g a n
x a ra ja tla rn i t o ‘la sh g a m a jb u r q ilin is h i m u m k in .
6
. M u lk iy ja v o b g a rlik c h o ra la r i s ifa tid a k o ‘rila d ig a n s a n k s iy a la r.
3 - § . M a jb u r iy a tla r n in g v u ju d g a k e lish a s o s la ri
F u q a r o lik h u q u q la ri va b u r c h la r in i k e ltirib c h iq a r a d ig a n h o la tla r
m a jb u riy a tg a o id h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a tla r n i h a m v u ju d g a k e ltir a d ig a n
a s o s la r b o ‘lib , u la r F K n in g 8 - m o d d a s id a k o ‘rsa tilg a n . F K n in g 2 3 4 -
m o d d a s i d a t a ’k id la n g a n id e k , m a jb u r i y a t l a r s h a r t n o m a d a n , z iy o n
y e tk a z is h n a tija s id a h a m d a f u q a ro lik q o n u n la r id a n a z a r d a tu tilg a n
b o s h q a a s o s la r d a n k elib c h iq a d i.
M a ’lu m k i F K n in g dey arli b a r c h a m e ’y o rla ri s h a r tn o m a la r d a n k e lib
c h iq a d ig a n m a jb u r iy a tla rn i ta r tib g a s o lish g a q a ra tilg a n . B u h u q u q iy
n o r m a la r v o s ita s id a ta rtib g a so lin a d ig a n m a jb u riy a tla r ju m la s ig a m u lk n i
b o s h q a s h a x s n in g e g alig ig a to p s h iris h (o ld i- s o td i, a y irb o s h la s h , h a d y a
s h a r t n o m a l a r i ) d a n , m u lk n i o p e r a tiv b o s h q a r is h h u q u q in i o ‘tk a z is h
( m a h s u lo t y e tk a z ib b e rish s h a r tn o m a s i) d a n , fo y d a la n is h h u q u q in i o ‘t -
k a z ish ( m u lk ijarasi va u y -jo y ija ra si, te k in fo y d a la n is h t o ‘g ‘ris id a g i
s h a r tn o m a la r ) d a n , b ir o r ish n i b a ja ris h y o k i x iz m a t k o ‘rs a tis h ( p u d r a t,
y u k ta s h is h , to p s h ir iq , v o s ita c h ilik , s u u r ta , t r a n s p o r t e k sp e d itsiy a si
s h a r tn o m a la r i) d a n va b o s h q a s h a r tn o m a la r d a n k e lib c h iq a d ig a n m a j-
b u r iy a tla r k ira d i. H o z irg i b o z o r m u n o s a b a tla r i s h a r o itid a tu r li ta d b ir -
k o rlik su b y e k tla ri o ‘rtasida tu z ila d ig a n s h a r tn o m a la rd a n kelib c h iq a d ig a n
m a jb u r iy a tla r a lo h id a a h a m iy a tg a e g a d ir.
D a v la t o r g a n la rin in g q o n u n d a fu q a ro lik h u q u q v a m a jb u riy a tla ri
v u ju d g a k e lis h in in g a so si s if a tid a n a z a r d a tu tilg a n h u jja tla r i h a m
m a jb u riy a tla rn i k e ltirib c h iq a rish i m u m k in . B u n d a y h u jja tla r tu rli k o ‘ri-
n is h la r d a d a v la t b u y u rtm a s i y o k i m a ’m u riy h u jja tla r s h a k lid a b o ‘lishi
m u m k in . M a s a la n , q is h lo q x o ‘ja lig i e k in la r in i b a h o r g i e k is h n i u y u s h -
q o q lik b ila n o ‘tk a z is h h a m d a 2 0 0 0 -y ild a d a v la t e h tiy o jla ri u c h u n x a rid
q ilin a d ig a n q is h lo q x o ‘jalig i m a h s u lo tla ri u c h u n h is o b - k ito b la r n i o ‘z
v a q tid a t a ’m in la s h c h o ra ta d b irla ri t o ‘g ‘risid a » g i O ‘z b e k is to n R e s p u b -
likasi V a z ir la r M a h k a m a s in in g 2 0 0 0 -y il 4 - m a r td a g i q a ro rig a k o ‘ra,
2000
-y il u c h u n p a x ta to la s in in g d a v la t x a r id la ri h a jm i u n i y e tis h tiris h
h a jm in in g 30 fo iz i d a ra ja s id a sa q la b q o lin g a n . D a v la t x a rid la ri a so sa n
F K n in g 4 5 7 —4 6 4 - m o d d a la r id a b e lg ila n g a n d a v la t e h tiy o jla ri u c h u n
to v a r la r y e tk a z is h b o ‘y ic h a d a v la t k o n tr a k ti ( s h a r tn o m a la r i) a s o s id a
a m a lg a o s h irila d i.
U s h b u d a v la t b u y u rtm a s i u n in g ta ra fla ri m a h s u lo t y e tk a z ib b e ru v c h i
(ijro c h i) v a d a v la t ta y y o rlo v ta s h k ilo ti o ‘rta s id a te g ish li m a jb u r iy a tla m i
y u z a g a k e ltira d i.
F u q a r o la r g a u y -jo y la r d a n f o y d a la n is h h u q u q in i b e r a d ig a n o r d e r
h a m m a ’m u r iy d a lo la tn o m a sifa tid a u y b o s h q a r m a s i b ila n o r d e r o lg a n
fu q a ro o ‘rta s id a u y -jo y ijarasi s h a r tn o m a s in i tu z is h g a v a s h u b ila n
m u a y y a n m a jb u riy a tla rn i v u ju d g a k e ltiris h g a a so s b o ‘la d i. F u q a r o lik
h u q u q iy m a jb u riy a t s u d la r to m o n id a n c h iq a r ilg a n h u jja tla r (h a l q ilu v
q a r o r la r i, a jr im la r , h u k m la r) a s o s id a h a m v u ju d g a k e lish i m u m k in .
Q o n u n y o ‘l q o ‘y g a n a s o s la rd a m o l- m u lk n in g m u lk s ifa tid a o lin ish i
n a tija s id a h a m ( m a s a la n , e g alik h u q u q in i v u ju d g a k e ltiru v c h i m u d d a t
h o sil b o ‘lg a n lig i s a b a b li) m a jb u r iy a t k e lib c h iq is h i m u m k in . B ir
to m o n la m a b itim la r h a m fu q a r o lik h u q u q iy m a jb u r iy a tla r n i k e ltirib
c h iq a ru v c h i y u rid ik fa k tla r ju m la s ig a k ira d i. B u n d a y b itim g a m u v o fiq
s h a x s n in g e r k i ik k in c h i b ir s h a x s g a h u q u q v a m a jb u r iy a t k e ltir ib
c h iq a ra d i. B ir to m o n la m a b itim la r g a m iso l q ilib v a s iy a tn o m a n i k o ‘rsa -
tish m u m k in . V a siy a t b o ‘y ic h a , m a s a la n , m u lk o lish h u q u q i va m a r -
h u m n i q a r z la r in i t o ‘lash m a jb u riy a ti v u ju d g a k e lish i m u m k in .
Y a ra tilg a n ix tiro v a fo y d ali m o d e l, b u y u m la m in g s a n o a t n a m u n a la ri,
fa n , a d a b iy o t h a m d a s a n ’a t a s a rla ri q o n u n ta la b la r ig a ja v o b b e rish i
kerak. T eg ish li q o n u n la rd a g i n o rm a la rg a m u v o fiq b u y a r a tilg a n n a rs a la r
u n i y a r a tg a n s h a x s b ila n o ‘z g a s h a x s la r , s h u n i n g d e k , te g is h li d a v la t
t a s h k i l o t l a r i o ‘r t a s i d a m a j b u r i y a t l a r n i n g k e lib c h i q i s h i g a a s o s
b o ‘la d i.
F K n in g 2 3 4 - m o d d a s id a k o ‘rs a tilg a n id e k , fu q a ro g a y o k i ta s h k ilo tg a
z iy o n y e tk a z is h h a m m u a y y a n m a jb u r iy a tla r t u g ‘d ir a d i. B u n d a y
m a jb u riy a tla r, o d a td a , s h a rtla s h ilm a g a n m a jb u riy a tla r d e b a ta la d i.
M a jb u r iy a tla r q o n u n la r d a b e lg ila n g a n id e k , h e c h b ir a s o s la r s iz
b o s h q a s h a x s n in g m o l- m u lk in i e g a lla b o lis h i y o k i te ja b q o lis h id a n
k elib c h iq a d i. A so ssiz o lin g a n yoki te ja b q o lin g a n m o l- m u lk ja b r la n u v -
c h ig a asl h o lid a q a y ta r ilis h i lo z im , a g a r b u n in g im k o n iy a ti b o ‘lm a s a ,
m o l- m u lk q o ‘lga k iritilis h i p a y tid a g i h a q iq iy q iy m a tin i t la s h , a g a r
q o ‘lga k iritu v c h i o r ttir ilg a n b o y lik n in g a s o s s iz lig in i b ilg a n id a n k e y in
d a r h o l u n in g q iy m a tin i t o ‘la m a g a n b o i s a , m o l- m u lk q iy m a tin in g
k e y in g i o ‘z g a ris h i tu fa y li k o ‘rilg a n z a ra r n i toM ash m a jb u riy a ti v u ju d g a
k e la d i.
B o sh q a s h a x s la rn in g ish la rin i to p s h iriq s iz b a ja rg a n lik u c h u n k elib
ch iq a d ig a n m a jb u riy a tla r t o ‘g ‘risidagi q o id a la r h a m q o n u n la r d a m a v ju d .
Q o n u n la rd a k o ‘rsa tilish ic h a , b o sh q a shaxs m a n fa a tla rin i k o ‘z la b to p s h i-
riq o lm a y h a r a k a t q ilg a n sh ax s. s h u m u n o s a b a t b ila n q ilg a n z a r u r
x a ra ja tla rn in g , s h u n in g d e k , b o s h q a h a q iq iy z a ra rn in g t o ‘la n is h in i ta la b
q ilish g a h aq li.
A g a r m a n f a a td o r sh a x s to p s h iriq o lm a y h a r a k a t q ilg a n s h a x s n in g
ish in i m a ’q u lla s a , b u n d a y h o lla rd a f u q a ro lik k o d e k s in in g s h a r tn o m a
t o ‘g ‘risidagi q o id a la ri qoM laniladi va m a jb u riy a tla rn in g k elib c h iq is h ig a
a so s boM adi.
F u q a io lik h u q u q iy m a jb u riy a tla r ta n lo v e ’lo n q ilis h d a n h a m k elib
c h iq is h i m u m k in . M u k o fo t toM ashni o s h k o r a v a ’d a q ilish o m m a v iy
ta n lo v e ’lon q ilis h d a n k e lib c h iq a d ig a n m a jb u riy a tla rd a m u a y y a n ish n i
e n g y ax sh i b a ja rg a n lik y o k i b o s h q a n a tija la rg a e ris h g a n lik p u l m u k o fo ti
toM ash y o k i b o s h q a m u k o fo t b e rish t o ‘g ‘risid a o m m a v iy ta n lo v e ’lo n
q ilg a n sh a x s ta n lo v n i o ‘tk a z ish s h a rtla rig a m u v o fiq u n in g g ‘o lib i d e b
to p ilg a n sh a x sg a s h a rtla s h ilg a n m u k o fo tn i toM ashi lo z im . M a jb u riy a tg a
o id h u q u q iy m u n o s a b a tla r h o d is a la rd a n h a m k e lib c h iq a d i. B u n g a
m iso l q ilib ta b iiy h o d is a la r , m a s a la n , y o n g ‘in y o k i z ilz ila n a tija s id a
ija ra g a to p s h ir ilg a n m u lk n in g z a ra rla n is h i tu fa y li su g ‘u r ta o rg a n ig a
n is b a ta n kelib c h iq a d ig a n m a jb u riy a tla rn i k o ‘rs a tis h m u m k in . M a jb u -
r iy a tla r q o n u n d a k o ‘rsa tilg a n h o lla rd a b o s h q a a s o s la rd a n h a m k elib
c h iq is h i m u m k in .
/.
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