Zahiriddin muhammad bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti ingliz tili grammatikasi kafedrasi

4. Distributional method
The Distributional method is the one, according to which sentence structure is considered to be consisting of words, belonging to different parts of speech. For example, the sentence "The Old man saw a black dog there" is analyzed as follows by using the distributional model:
I A 2-d D3 I b 4
D 3 --- + ---------
He - he/she/it

Here: D - means "noun determiner' - article

3 - means "adjective"


I - means noun in singular, in masculine gender
He

2-d
+ - Means verb in the form of Past Indefinite singular or plural

-
I
------ - Means noun in singular, in masculine gender
He/she/it (or in feminine or neutral)

4 - means "adverb"

"a" and "b" above "I" mean that nouns have different denotates (or referents) which name different subject or persons.
But when such sentences as:
1. The police shot the man in the red cap
2. The police shot the man in the right arm are dealt with, they can not be analyzed by the very distributional method, for they are identical according to the latter, but in reality, we are, naturally, dealing with two different parts of the sentence: that is an attribute in the first sentence and an object in the second sentence.
Such disputable cases of analysis can’t be solved by the distributional method and we have to apply the Immediate Constituents method.
5. Immediate Constituents Method
I.C. model is the leading model of analysis in the descriptive linguistics. It is based on not a linear succession of words in a sentence, but on the hierarchy of levels of sentence parts. Each time we distinguish a part of the sentence of maximum length on binary principle.

Sentence

VP

t

N

V

NP

t

NP

N

PN

p

NP

t

NP

A

N

The

police

shot the man in the red cap

Sentence

NP

VP

VP

PN

NP

NP

T

N

V

t N

P

t

NP

A N

The police shot the man in the right arm

The IC model clearly shows the differences in the structure of the above sentences.

Nevertheless there are some sentence structures, which the Immediate Constituents method is not able to analysis, and here it is necessary to use another model or method of grammatical analyses called transformational.
For example, the distributional method analyses the following sentences as identical, but in fact they are different structures, which can be proved by the transformational method.
1. John is eager to please
John is easy to please