Yusupov Oybek Nematjonovich Ahmedova Nigora Shavkatovna



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verbal irony, irony of 
situation and dramatic irony

Verbal irony
is a figure of speech in which the literal meaning of a word or 
statement is the opposite of the intended meaning (as in the case of “This is 
beautiful 
weather!”). It is used to make а contemptible, bitter or satirical remark 


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about a person, thing or phenomenon in words which generally denote all kinds of 
approval, praise or admiration. 
Irony may be extended over a whole story and may be created 
extralinguistically by contrasting what the character seeks by his actions and what 
he obtains. This is “irony of situation” or “irony of fate”. 
Irony of situation
arises from the contrast between how a set of 
circumstances looks on the surface and what it actually is in reality. It is a literary 
technique based on the discrepancy between what is intended when one acts and 
what the result is. For example, the story 
The Cop and the Anthem 
by O’Henry 
affords an excellent example of situational irony. The series of actions which Soapy 
intentionally undertakes to get into prison fail, whereas the final scene, when he 
decides to reform, results in an unexpected arrest. The story also abounds in verbal 
irony. For example, the reader senses the writer’s ironic attitude and tone in the 
following: “When wild geese honk high of nights, and when women without 
sealskin coats grow kind to their husbands, and when Soapy moves uneasily on his 
bench in the park, you may know that winter is near at hand”. The generic present 
tense in this statement makes it sound as a generally acknowledged truth. But 
nobody can accept it as a universal truth and that also contributes to the ironical 
effect it produces. 
Dramatic irony
is a literary technique in which the reader understands the 
actual meaning of what is happening, but the character does not. 
Mistaken Identity
by M.Twain contains dramatic irony: the reader knows that the narrator is 
mistakenly identified, as he is informed about it in the title of the story, but the 
narrator believes that he is recognized and known for what he really is. 
There is a second variant of 

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