Yuldashev Khursand’s 1- independence work of English Teacher

Tashkent University of

Information Technology
040-21 group student
Yuldashev Khursand’s
1- independence work of
English


Teacher: Naira Anvarovna
Theme: Sightseeings of our country
Plan:

1. 
   My beautiful hometown
   
2. 
   Some of our famous cities
   
3. 
   Conclusion
   

My hometown is Uzbekistan. I’m born in this country. Below, about my hometown.

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O'zbekiston Respublikasi), is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia.It is surrounded by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan in the north, Kyrgyzstan in the northeast, Tajikistan in the southeast, Afghanistan in the south, and Turkmenistan in the southwest. The capital and largest city of the country is Tashkent. Uzbekistan is a part of the Turkic language world, as well as a member of the Organization of Turkic States. Uzbek is the main language in Uzbekistan. Islam is the predominant religion in Uzbekistan, the majority of Uzbeks are Sunni Muslims.
Uzbekistan is a secular state with a presidential constitutional government. Uzbekistan consists of 12 regions (vilayets), the city of Tashkent and one autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan. While non-governmental human rights organizations have defined Uzbekistan as an "authoritarianstate with limited civil rights,"significant reforms under the administration of the second President of Uzbekistan were carried out after the death of the first President Islam Karimov. Thanks to these reforms, relations with neighboring countries Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan have improved dramatically. The United Nations Report for 2020 recorded significant progress in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Samarkand - also known as Samarkand, is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. There is evidence of human activity in the area of the city since the Late Paleolithic era, although there is no direct evidence of when Samarkand was founded; several theories suggest that it was founded between the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Prosperity due to its location on the Silk Road between China and Europe, Samarkand was at times one of the largest cities in Central Asia. Most of the residents of this city are native speakers of the Persian language and speak the Tajik-Persian dialect. This city is one of the historical centers of the Tajik people in Central Asia, which in the past was one of the important cities of the great empires of Iran.
The city is known as the center of Islamic scientific research and the birthplace of the Timurid renaissance. In the 14th century Timur (Tamerlane) made it the capital of his empire and the site of his mausoleum Gur-e Amir. The Bi bi-Khanym Mosque, rebuilt in Soviet times, remains one of the most notable sights of the city. Registan Square was the ancient center of the city and is bounded by three monumental religious buildings. The city has carefully preserved the traditions of ancient crafts: embroidery, gold embroidery, silk weaving, copper engraving, ceramics, wood carving, and wood painting. In 2001, UNESCO added the city to the World Heritage List as Samarkand – the crossroads of cultures.

Bukhara - is the fifth largest city in Uzbekistan with a population of 280,187 people as of January 1, 2020, and the capital of the Bukhara region.
People have inhabited the area around Bukhara for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half of that time. Located on the Great Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, science, culture and religion. The native language of most residents of Bukhara is Tajik, a dialect of Persian, although Uzbek is the second language of most residents. Bukhara was the capital of the Sassanid Empire, the Bukhara Khanate and the Bukhara Emirate, as well as the birthplace of the scientist Imam Bukhari. The city is known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhara-ye Sharif). There are about 140 architectural monuments in Bukhara. UNESCO has included the historical center of Bukhara (with numerous mosques and madrasas) in the World Heritage List.
The history of Bukhara dates back thousands of years. In the Middle Ages, Bukhara served as the capital of the Samanid Empire, the Bukhara Khanate and was the birthplace of Imam Bukhari.
At the beginning of the 11th century, Bukhara became part of the Turkic state of the Karakhanids. The Karakhanid rulers built many buildings in Bukhara: the Kalyan minaret, the Magoki Attori Mosque, palaces and parks.
Bukhara is located to the west of Samarkand and was previously a center of learning, outstanding throughout the Islamic world. This is the ancient quarter of the incomparable Sheikh Naqshbandi. He was a central figure in promoting the mysterious Sufi way of dealing with theory, religion and Islam.

Currently, it is the capital of the Bukhara region (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. Located on the Great Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade, science, culture and religion. In the golden age of the Samanids Bukhara became a major intellectual center of the Islamic world. The historical center of Bukhara, where numerous mosques and madrasas are located, is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Khiva - is a city-level district of about 93,000 people in Khorezm region, Uzbekistan. according to archaeological data, the city was founded about 1500 years ago. It is the former capital of the Khiva Khanate, and the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic.Ichan-Kala in Khiva was the first site in Uzbekistan included in the World Heritage List (1991). Astronomer, historian and polymath Al-Beruni (973-1048 AD) was born either in Khiva or in the neighboring city of Kathgodam.
The origin of the name Khiva is unknown, but many contradictory stories have been told to explain it.
Traditional history attributes this name to one of the sons of the prophet Noah: "It is said that Sim wandered alone in the desert after the flood. When he fell asleep, he dreamed of 300 burning torches. When he woke up, he was pleased with this omen, he founded a city with the outlines of a ship, mapped according to the location of the torches he dreamed of. At that time, he dug the Havak well, the water from which had an amazing taste. You can still see this well in Ichan-Kala (the inner city of Khiva) today."
Another assumption is that the name comes from the word Khorezm, changed by borrowing into the Turkic language as Khivarezem, and then shortened to Khiva.
Tashkent - also known previously as Chach, is the capital and largest city in Uzbekistan, as well as the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of 2,694,400 (2021). in northeastern Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan.
Before the beginning of Islamic influence in the middle of the 8th century AD, Tashkent was under the influence of Sogdian and Turkic cultures. After Genghis Khan destroyed it in 1219, it was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. From the 18th to the 19th century, the city became an independent city-state, and then was reconquered by the Kokand Khanate. In 1865 Tashkent was transferred to the Russian Empire, became the capital of Russian Turkestan. During the Soviet era, it witnessed significant growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from all over the Soviet Union. Most of Tashkent was destroyed in an earthquake in 1966 in Tashkent, but it was rebuilt as a model Soviet city. At that time it was the fourth largest city in the Soviet Union after Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev.
Conclusion
Our homeland has many beautiful places in Uzbekistan. There are historical, modern and natural beauties. How many centuries have our historical landmarks reached US. We must also hand them over to the younger generation in good condition. The preservation of our homeland is our duty to all, to some extent.