4. EXPERIMENTS AT LTU In order to examine the reliability of the models, a series of tests have been designed. The
experiment will include mixing different types and fragments of aggregates to construct binary
mixes. The fines will be mixed with coarser aggregates in steps by replacing 10 % of coarse
materials by fines in each step. The trend for mixture packing density will be drawn and can be
compared to the results obtained from mentioned models. Eventually, models will be calibrated
based on the lab results. As a reliable model was found or compiled, the mixtures with higher
packing density will be used for making concrete samples with the aim of measuring the
workability of mixtures. The experiments will be done on loose packing in a standard cylinder.
As a part of the research, effect of packing method on packing density will be studied.
5. THEORETICAL COMPARISON OF THE MODELS Examples of results for theoretical comparison of model
s’
predictions made so far are presented
in Figure 2. Each model suggested a different optimum contribution of the aggregates to the
mixture and moreover, the models did not agree on the maximum packing density that can be
obtained in the mixtures. 4C and Toufar model tend to almost merge as the finer aggregates
became dominant in the mixture. The predicted packing from CPM was significantly different
from 4C and Toufar. In the mixtures with crushed aggregate the difference between 4C and
CPM was about 3 % while for the mixture of crushed and natural the difference was increased
up to 7 %. CPM tends to predict higher packing density than the other two model whereas 4C
showed the least packing density.
6. FINAL COMMENTS As it can be seen in Figure 2, the models led to different proportions of aggregates for the same
mixture, also the maximum predicted packing densities were unalike. It is noticeable that the
models tend to agree on the packing density as the finer material became dominant in the
mixture (above 60% of fine material). However, the maximum packing density of a mixture is
usually achieved when fine materials had 40 to 60% share of aggregate mixture, where the
models showed the highest deviations from each other. That emphasizes the need of further
studies on experimental data in order to calibrate the existing models or compiling a new one.
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Figure 2: Comparison of packing models for four available aggregate combinations. Actual packing density of fragments were measured in the lab.