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XORAZM MA
’
MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOM
А
SI
–
12/2020
158
оширилишига эришилди.
Мойни адсорбент ёрдамида оқлашда мой таркибига адсорбент қолдиқлари
қолмаслиги, бу оқлаш жараёнини мукамаллашганидан иборатдир.
Натижада юкори сифатли маҳсулот олиниш учун мойни тозаланиш даражаси оширилди ва
сарфлар камайтирилди.
Олинадиган тайёр маҳсулот сифати ва технологик
тежамкорлиги
баҳоланилди.
ФОЙДАЛАНИЛГАН АДАБИЁТЛАР
РЎЙХАТИ
:
1. Технология переработки жиров / Н.С. Арутюнян, Е.П. Корнева и др.
- 2-
е изд., перераб. и доп. //
М.:
Пищепромиздат, 1998.
-
452 с.
2. Research of changes in the quality indicators of bleached cottonseed oil and its products / S.Sh. Ismatov,
Mamatkulov F. G. // Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences
Scientific journal № 3–
4 2019 (March
–
April)
p 16-20.
XORAZM MA
’
MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOMASI
–
12/2020
159
ТАРИХ ФАНЛАРИ
UDC 93/94
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND TEXTILE
PRODUCTION
G.N. Arapov, teache
r, Termez State University, Termez
Annotatsiya. Maqolada to'qimachilik va to'qimachilik sanoatining rivojlanish tarixi muhokama
qilinadi.
To’qimachilikni eng qadimgi rivojlanish manbalari, to’qimachilik namunalarining eng qadimgi
topilmalari keltirilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: to'qimachilik sanoati, trikotaj buyumlar, to'qimachilik materiallari, mahsulotlar
Аннотация.
В статье рассматривается история развития текстильной промышленности и
производства текстиля. Приведены древнейшие источники развития текстиля, самые древние
находки текстильных образцов.
Ключевые слова:
текстильная промышленность
,
трикотаж
,
текстильный материал,
продукция
А
bstract. The article discusses the history of development of the textile and textile industry. The earliest
sources of textile development, the earliest finds of textile specimens are given.
Key words: textile industry, knitwear, textile material, products
Textile industry (from lat. textile
—
fabric, matter), one of the oldest and largest branches of light
industry that produces various types of vegetable, animal and chemical (artificial and synthetic) fibers of textile
fabrics, knitwear, and other products. The textile industry occupies one of the most important places in the
production of public goods and meeting the needs of the population. The textile industry includes the following
branches: primary processing of textile raw materials, cotton, linen, wool, silk, non-woven materials, foam and
jute, netting, textile and haberdashery, knitting, felting and felt. Textile products are used for the production of
clothing and footwear, as well as in other industries (for example, furniture, engineering). The production of
textiles originated in ancient times. The cultivation of cotton and the manual manufacture of yarn and cloth
were known in India, China, and Egypt for many centuries before our era. The textile industry was the first
industry to enter the path of machine production. The industrial revolution in the 2nd half of the 18th century
began with this branch [1]. Every meter of textile material produced today bears the memory and knowledge
accumulated and accumulated over centuries and millennia, during which a person was engaged in one of the
oldest technologies. At least six thousand years ago, before the appearance of the first chemical fibers (in the
late 19th century), people already knew and used the four most important natural fibers: flax, cotton, wool and
silk. Archaeological excavations prove that even at the earliest stages of development, people were able to
grow these fibers and process them into products. Thus participating in the struggle for their existence with
nature, adapting it to their needs. The first fiber developed and cultivated by man was flax. Five thousand years
before the birth of Christ in the valley of the Nile river in the territory of modern Egypt, fabrics were made
from flax. Even earlier, our ancestors were able to extract fibers from the stems of bast plants, weave them into
similar fabrics and use them to cover their bodies. During the excavations of this settlement in Switzerland,
strands of linen fibers, fragments of fabrics and primitive devices were found, with the help of which yarn and
fabric were produced. For thousands of years, these materials lay under the silt in the lake water and therefore
preserved. The second most important fiber that man mastered was wool. During the Neolithic period (the end
of the stone age), people used wool along with flax. The inhabitants of the same ancient settlement in what is
now Switzerland raised sheep. The earliest date associated with sheep and wool production, confirmed by
excavations, corresponds to 4000 years BC. In the Euphrates valley (ancient Mesopotamia), sheep were raised,
wool was spun, and primitive fabrics were woven. In ancient Babylon, woolen fabrics were made, and on the
territory of the country of UR (mentioned in the Bible) near the Persian Gulf, archaeologists have unearthed
an ancient mosaic depicting sheep breeding. This corresponds to about 3500 BC. The third most important
fiber mastered by man is cotton. The first material evidence of its production dates back to 1000 BC, as
evidenced by archaeological excavations of a settlement in India. Research shows that cotton began to be used
in Egypt several thousand years ago. Merchants imported cotton from India to the middle East, Central Asia,
and then to China. The word cotton itself comes from the Arabic word "quoton". One of the mysteries of the
development of human civilization remains the question: how did people learn to grow cotton, spin it and
weave fabrics from it at the same time on different continents (in Asia and South America, in the country of
the ancient Incas - Peru). Even in South America, undiscovered by Europeans, the ancient Incas made cotton
fabrics of excellent color design and quality by modern standards. Thus, these technologies were developed in
prehistoric times on continents separated from each other by thousands of kilometers. Some scientists believe
that this fact is an additional argument in favor of the geological theory of the movement of continents and
speculation about the existence of another continent (Atlantis) in the Pacific ocean in prehistoric times. This
is, of course, historical speculation, but the fact remains that in Egypt 2500 years BC they were able to make
fabrics of the highest quality, not inferior to modern ones. Egyptian mummies of this time were wrapped in a
cloth with a density of 540 threads per 1 inch. The best modern English fabrics of this type have a density of
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