Учебное пособие в систематизированном виде содержит необходимые для изучения курса лексикологии английского языка вспомогательные материалы: планы семинаров, определения основных понятий и терминов на английском и русском языках, темы курсовых

Stylistic connotation is concerned with the situation in which the word is uttered, the social circumstances (formal, familiar, etc.), the social relationships between the communicants (polite, rough, etc.), the type and purpose of com­munication (learned, poetic, official, etc.). For instance, to die is neutral, to pass away is euphemistic, and to peg out is slangy.
Emotional (or emotive, affective) connotation is acquired by the word as a result of its frequent use in contexts corresponding to emotional situations or because the referent conceptualized in the denotative meaning is associated with certain emotions. In the pair bright and garish: bright does not express any emotions, whereas garish implies negative emotions.
Evaluative connotation expresses approval or disapproval. In the set of adjectives new - modern - newfangled, the last word expresses disapproval when something is thought to be new but neither necessary nor better; the word modern is often used appreciatively.
Intensifying (also expressive, emphatic) connotation expresses the degree of intensity. For example, the words magnificent, gorgeous, splendid, superb are used colloquially as terms of exaggeration.
LEXICAL MEANING
I
Denotational aspect Connotational aspect Pragmatic aspect
Emotive charge EvaluationI I
Expressiveness Imagery //
Information on the “time and space”
relationship of the participants
Information on the participants and / the given language community
Information on the tenor of discourse
Information on the register of communication
Componential analysis is the investigation method which proceeds from the assumption that word meaning can be decomposed into elementary semantic components, or semantic features/semes.
Example:
beautiful - “making a pleasant impression on the senses”, “close to an ideal”;
lovely - “making a pleasant impression on the senses”, “worthy of being loved”;
pretty - “making a pleasant impression on the senses”, “suggesting rela­tive smallness”, “suggesting femininity or delicacy”;
charming - “making a pleasant impression on the senses”, “arousing interest”, “causing pleasure”, “suggesting lightness and grace”, “having good manners”;
attractive - “making a pleasant impression on the senses”, “arousing interest”, “having sexual attraction”;
good-looking - “making a pleasant impression on the senses”, “having well-proportioned features”;
handsome - “making a pleasant impression on the senses”, “having well- proportioned features”, “(often) suggesting strength”, “(often) suggesting dignity”.
Seme [si:m] is the smallest unit of meaning. For instance, the meaning of the word husband can be analysed into the following semes: “human”, “male”, “adult”, “married”.