Word combinations and phraseology in modern english and ukrainian languages

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WORD COMBINATIONS AND PHRASEOLOGY IN MODERN 
ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES 
1.
Free and non-free word combinations.
2. Classifications of phraseological units. 
3. Synonyms in phraseology. 
4. Antonyms in phraseology. 
5. Proverbs, sayings. 
Free and Non-Free Word Combinations
The vocabulary of a language includes not only words but also stable word 
combinations which also serve as a means of expressing concepts. They are 
phraseological word equivalents reproduced in speech the way words are 
reproduced and not created anew in actual speech. 
An ordinary word combination is created according to the grammatical rules 
of the language in accordance with a certain idea. The general meaning of an 
ordinary free word combination is derived from the conjoined meanings of its 
elements. Every notional word functions here as a certain member of the sentence. 
Thus, an ordinary word combination is a syntactical pattern. 
A free word combination is a combination in which any element can be 
substituted by another. 
e.g.: 
I like this idea. I dislike this idea. He likes the idea. I like that idea. I 
like this thought.
 Classifications of Phraseological Units
A major stimulus to intensive studies of phraseology was prof. Vinogradov’s 
research. The classification suggested by him has been widely adopted by linguists 
working on other languages. The classification of phraseological units suggested 
by V.V. Vinogradov includes: 

- 
standardised word combinations
, i.e. phrases characterised by the limited 
combinative power of their components, which retain their semantic independence: 
to meet the request/requirement, подавати надію, страх бере, зачепити 
гордість, покласти край;

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