With cd it collins

Exam tip: Learn the different types of sequencing words and how they are used. Former, initial, prior, latter and subsequent are adjectives and can be used to modify nouns. Examples: Mv former wife is in town. Jane’s initial response to the news was quite positive.
Former and latter are also pronouns which can be used in place of nouns mentioned previously.
Example: Jim saw both cheetahs and lions. He was able to photograph the former but not the latter.
Respectively is an adverb which usually comes at the end of a clause. Example: For English and mathematics, he was awarded an A and a B respectively.
Prior to is a formal phrase that can be used in place of the preposition ‘before'. Example: The patient had been well prior to the operation.

4. 
   Complete the passage with words from this unit. For some gaps, there may be more than one possible answer.
   

Studying abroad has become increasingly challenging over the last year or two. Visa regulations have become more complex and the cost of travelling abroad has increased substantially. (1 , record numbers of students have applied for a place at a
university overseas. When international students first arrive in the new country, their (2) impression is otten favourable. However, their (3) impressions
can be less so, as they struggle to adapt. International students need time to adust to the new study environment; (4) , they need help with that process. Decisions about
how best to help international students will depend on their needs. Undergraduate and postgraduate students are very different; the (5) may need an inrroduchon
to essay writing; the latter more advanced training in critical thinking skills. The student's subject is also a factor to be born in mind. Good numeracy skills are needed for engineering for example, (6) good li^^^^^y skills are needed for courses such as aaw.
Exam practice: Writing Task 2
The essay introduction below has been written in response to the Task 2 question:
Increasing numbers of students are choosing to study abroad. To what extent does this trend benefit the students themselves and the countries involved? What are the drawbacks?
Rewrite the introduction by replacing the words in bold with signposting words from this unit. Make any necessary changes to punctuation. Then complete the essay in your own words using appropriate signposting expressions where necessary.
Write at least 250 words in total.
Studying abroad has become increasingly common in the last few years, especially for young people from countries such as China and India. Many students and their families clearly consider the experience worth the sacrifices involved. Students often give up friendships when they move abroad; families often use their life savings. And many governments are willing to invest huge sums of money in sponsoring their young people to study in universities overseas. However, this trend has drawbacks as welt as benefits for those concerned.

16. 
    Adverbs
    

Using adverbs to express attitude I Pronouncing the schwa



Vocabulary

• 
  absolutely
  

1. 
   ADVERB Absolutely means totally and completely. ■ Jill is absolutely right.
   

■ I absolutely refuse to do it. ■ There is absolutely no difference!

2. 
   ADVERB Some people say absolutely as an emphatic way of saying yes or of agreeing with someone. They say absolutely not
   

as an emphatic way of saying no. ■ ‘It's worrying, isn’t it?' - ‘Absolutely.

•