What is irony, what lexical meaning is employed in its formation?

Mamadov Sunnatulla

Group : 424

APPENDIX 1

1. 
   What is irony, what lexical meaning is employed in its formation?
   

A: Irony is a stylistic device also based on simultaneous realisation of two meanings: dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in opposition to each other. In other words it is a stylistic device in which the opposite of what is said is meant.

2. 
   What types of irony do you know? What is the length of the context needed for the realization of each of them?
   

A: Dramatic irony occurs when readers are informed of significant information that key characters are unaware of — basically, where we know what will happen before they do. Tension rises between the point of revelation (when the reader first receives the secret insight) and recognition (when the characters are finally brought into the loop). Again, Shakespeare’s a big fan of this one — even his comedies, such as Twelfth Night and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, are full of dramatic irony.

In this case, the dramatic irony is also tragic irony; the characters in Romeo + Juliet find out the truth just moments too late to stop something horrible from happening. Heartbreaking, no? 

When the truth contradicts an expected outcome, it's situational irony — also known as “the irony of events.” Again, just to clarify, irony is not the same as "coincidence" and "bad luck." If you buy a new car and then accidentally drive it into a tree, that is both coincidence and bad luck. However, if a professional stunt driver crashes into a tree on their way home from receiving a “best driver” award, that is situationally ironic.

3. 
   What lexical meaning is instrumental in the formation of epithets?
   

A: Epithet is a stylistic device based on interaction of emotive and logical meanings in an attributive word, phrase or sentence. Thus in «charming smile» besides logical meaning, there is also an emotive meaning.

4. 
   What semantic types of epithets do you know? A: If we compare: a golden watch - a golden heart; a green leaf - a green youth the difference between logical attribute and epithet is clearly seen. Epithets make a strong impact on the reader, so much that the reader begins to see and evaluate things as the writer wants him to.
   
5. 
   What structural types of epithets do you know?
   

A: The structural type of string epithets is like enumeration, i.e. a number of attributes are given in a string, usually they are three or more. These attributes describe the object from different point of view. Very often string epithets constitute gradation. Ex;

Moving magically to fresh and strange and exciting places; a miserable, long-nosed, dirty-loking scoundrel

6. 
   What parts of speech are predominantly used as epithets and why?
   

A: The structural type of the reversed epithet consists of two nouns connected by an “of phrase”. E.g.

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