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Aim of the work.Oral language is one of the most important skills your students can master—both for social and academic success. Learners use this skill throughout the day to process and deliver instructions, make requests, ask questions, receive new information, and interact with peers. When studying a foreign language during preparation for the lesson, you can prepare each sentence in advance, but in the lesson it will not work: the task of spontaneous production requires anew in a smooth flow of speech to issue speech portions. The characteristic of oral speech is that it can not be fully prepared, it is produced in a largely automated way. If the speaker strongly controls it, it will lose the quality of spontaneity and naturalness. Control over yourself is fully possible only in a slow educational speech, with its unnatural tempo that gives out its non-original character.
Verbal communication is always individual. Individual only artistic speech and partly speech of non-strict newspaper genres. Each speaker has his own way of characterizing a person as a person from his psychological, social, even professional characteristics and common culture. This applies not only to conversational speech. In parliament, for example, each deputy's speech highlights his personal qualities and intellectual abilities, gives his social portrait. Oral coherent speech often means more to the listener than the information contained in the presentation, for which the performance takes place. If one addresses the factors of division, the current in an oral-colloquial type, it turns out that in addition to those in the book-written type, there are some additional ones. Some properties of oral speech are common for the whole orally-colloquial type and are peculiar to it in contrast to the book-written, dividing the modern Russian literary language into two parts. Others take part in distinguishing varieties of the most oral-spoken type. We list these additional factors. Such properties of speech are addressedness, situativeness, speech appearance (use of monologues and dialogues).
Oral speech is always addressed, indirectly to the listener, who perceives it simultaneously with her products as an addressee here and now. All sorts of technical tricks like deferred and then reproduced records can not be taken into account, since they do not deprive the communicative act of the main thing: the momentary perception, where temporal synchronism is important. The addressee of speech can be: a) individual; b) collective; ) Mass.
These three types of addressing the oral literary speeches coinciding with the action of other factors of its division (all of these factors, including and addressing, are unidirectional), participate in the allocation of three varieties of oral literary speech (oral-colloquial type of literary language): 1) oral-colloquial; 2) oral scientific; 3) radio and television
The basic properties of speech include also situationally. It is inherent in the colloquial type, where the situation makes up verbally not expressed meaning, any understatement and inaccuracies. It is usually considered an exclusive quality of spoken language, but, strictly speaking, is constantly found. This shows, for example, the analysis of poetic speech, when a biographical commentary is required for an accurate understanding and feeling of the poem. In general, comments of this kind, providing a work of any genre, can enrich the perception and understanding of the author's intention. The general apperception basis of the speaker and the listener, the generality of their knowledge and life experience, is added to the situational situation. All this allows verbal hints and provides insight from a half-word. In part, situationally is inherent in a collectively addressed speech. For example, a teacher knows what kind of listeners he has, what they know and can, what they are interested in. Massively addressed to texts, situationally is not inherent. Thus, it acts as a factor in the isolation of spoken language and as an incomplete factor characterizing oral scientific speech. Naturally, situationally can not be inherent in any kind of written type.
In the oral-colloquial type, a fundamentally different ratio. It is determined by the fact that the dialogical and monological kinds of speech, as a consequence, have different organization, namely: monologue is a segmented syntax, dialogue is a short conversational replica of a rigid, specifically colloquial syntactic structure. Of course, in the written dialogue, too, there are syntactic features in comparison with the monologue, which is the space for the implementation of numerous syntactic models, the whole wealth of written speech. But here the differences of a dialogical and monologic form do not entail such fundamental differences in the syntax, where specifically colloquial models are formed in the space of dialogue. In general, dialogicality in the oral-colloquial type decreases from right to left. And comes to a minimum in oral scientific speech. Equality of dialogue and monologue allows among other factors of division to distinguish orally colloquial speech as an independent variety, separated by this feature from radio and television and oral scientific speech.
Oral speech in human communication developed to serve many purposes. It helped to develop new communication means. Television broadcasting, radio broadcasting, digital communication made it possible to compress, store, and transmit large volumes of data efficiently. Oral speech helps to provide spontaneous communication and develop the language, for it is innovative, while written speech is conservative. Oral speech meets the fundamental human need to exchange and interpret information.
To examine oral speech it is necessary to look beyond Language or in other words, at Paralanguage (When people talk, they don't stop short at language. They use their voices in ways that go along with language. People also talk with their bodies. And they use substitutes for language). In other words paralanguage means are called extra linguistic ones. Here we can attribute voice parameters, for the voice carries more than the sounds of language. It carries sounds that go along with language. Another example is body talk. Body movements, too, go along with language. Sometimes they take the place of actual speech. These means are sometimes called Language Substitutes.
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