What is culture? Give information about culture

Language change and factors that influence it.

Changing Voices


All languages change over time, and vary from place to place. They may change as a result of social or political pressures, such as invasion, colonisation and immigration. New vocabulary is required for the latest inventions, such as transport, domestic appliances and industrial equipment, or for sporting, entertainment and leisure pursuits. But a language can also change by less obvious means.


Influenced by others
Language also changes very subtly whenever speakers come into contact with each other. No two individuals speak identically: people from different geographical places clearly speak differently, but even within the same small community there are variations according to a speaker’s age, gender, ethnicity and social and educational background. Through our interactions with these different speakers, we encounter new words, expressions and pronunciations and integrate them into our own speech. Even if your family has lived in the same area for generations, you can probably identify a number of differences between the language you use and the way your grandparents speak. Every successive generation makes its own small contribution to language change and when sufficient time has elapsed the impact of these changes becomes more obvious.
27. Give information about Yin yang symbol
Yin Yang Symbol
“The wisdom of the I-Ching, whose origin lies in the distant era of the third
millennium B.C. According to tradition, it was the Emperor Fu-hsi who established a system of signs to record orally transmitted wisdom” (Frutiger,1989, p. 58). The Yin Yang symbol, coming from Taoist philosophy, has had a far-reaching influence in human culture. Its meanings contain the wisdom of Chinese ancient philosophers. The fundamental essence of the Eastern view of life is that “the world is constantly changing and full of contradictions”. Yin and Yang represent two sides of the universe, opposite each other. Yang represents the positive, masculine, and active side; whereas Yin represents the negative, feminine, and passive side. The first meaning of the Yin Yang symbol is that Yin and Yang cannot exist independently without each other. They only exist because of each other. They exist because of their opposite side and inside of each other. The other meaning of Yin Yang is that both of them are energies and they have a mutual conversion between them. The universe is full of Yin Yang energy and without such energy, there no life would exist in the universe.
From the appearance of the Yin Yang symbol, we see the black swirl has a white
dot and the white swirl has a black dot. “The truest yang is the yang that is in the yin”. The Yin Yang symbol expresses the relationship that “exists between opposing but interpenetrating forces that may complete one another, make each
comprehensible, or create the conditions for altering one into the other”.

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