What is a Social Research?

Tarjimasi:
4.Ijtimoiy tadqiqot nima?
1)_________________ . U o'zining turli jihatlari va muammolari bilan o'tmishdagidan juda farq qiladi. Hozirgi kunda insoniyat allaqachon global ijtimoiy ta'sirga duch keldi
odamlarning shaxsiy yoki kasbiy hayoti va faoliyati. Hech bir davlat shakllangan, tsivilizatsiyalashgan jamiyatsiz yashay olmaydi. Jamiyat bir necha darajalarda chuqur o'rganilmasa, u hukmronlik qilish uchun "qattiq tosh"ga aylanishi mumkin. Shuning uchun jamiyatning talab yoki ehtiyojlarini aniqlash uchun maxsus ijtimoiy tadqiqotlar o'tkazish muhim masaladir. Ijtimoiy tadqiqotlar - bu turli xil muammoli, murakkab, eskirgan, bahsli savollarga to'g'ri yechim topishga qaratilgan tekshirish, tekshirish, o'z ichiga olgan o'ziga xos usullar. Ijtimoiy tadqiqotlar g'oyalar va dalillarning o'zaro ta'sirini o'z ichiga oladi.
2) ___________________. Shunday qilib, ijtimoiy tadqiqot ma'lumotlar to'plash va ma'lumotlarni tahlil qilish orqali nazariyalarni yaratish yoki tasdiqlashga harakat qiladi va uning maqsadi tadqiqot, tavsif, tushuntirish va bashorat qilishdir. U hech qachon falsafa yoki e'tiqodga olib kelmasligi yoki adashmasligi kerak. Ijtimoiy tadqiqotlar ijtimoiy hayotda qonuniylikning ijtimoiy qonuniyatlarini topishga qaratilgan va odatda alohida shaxslarning o'zlari emas, balki ijtimoiy guruhlar (individuallar yig'indisi) bilan shug'ullanadi. Tadqiqotni sof tadqiqot va amaliy tadqiqotlarga ham ajratish mumkin. Sof tadqiqot haqiqiy hayotga tatbiq etmaydi, amaliy tadqiqotlar esa real dunyoga ta'sir o'tkazishga harakat qiladi. Ijtimoiy tadqiqotlar nafaqat ularni o'tkazish uchun, balki mazmuni, ob'ektivligi, maqsadga muvofiqligi uchun ham javobgar bo'lgan ijtimoiy olimlar tomonidan olib boriladi. Ijtimoiy
tadqiqotlar kelajakdagi rivojlanishni nazarda tutishi kerak.
3) __________________ . Ijtimoiy tadqiqot usullari odatda miqdoriy/sifat o'lchovi bo'yicha farq qilishi mumkin. Miqdoriy dizaynlar ijtimoiy hodisalarga miqdoriy dalillar orqali yondashadi va ko'pincha miqdor bilan bog'liq haqiqiy va ishonchli umumiy da'volarni yaratish uchun ko'p holatlarning statistik tahliliga (yoki eksperimentda ataylab ishlab chiqilgan davolash usullariga) tayanadi. Sifatli dizaynlar bevosita kuzatish, ishtirokchilar bilan muloqot qilish yoki matnlarni tahlil qilish orqali ijtimoiy hodisalarni tushunishga urg'u beradi va sifat bilan bog'liq bo'lgan umumiylikdan kontekstual sub'ektiv aniqlikni ta'kidlashi mumkin. 4)_____________________________________,
5. Phrasal Verbs using make.
1. Make up
This phrasal verb is fairly well known, especially to women. It can mean “to put on makeup (cosmetics).” But that isn’t the only meaning. It can also mean “to invent; to create” and “to reestablish a good or peaceful relationship after a disagreement or argument.”
Examples:
• The actors make themselves up before going on stage.
• None of it is true; he made up the whole story!
• You should make up with your sister.
Additionally, the phrasal verb make up can mean “compiling” (a group or team), “prepare something or someone,” and “put a bed in order after sleeping in it.”
Examples:
• He always makes his bed in the morning.
• Our team was made up of all the regional managers.
• Make yourself up. We’re leaving in 5 minutes.
2. Make up for
This phrasal verb means “to compensate for; to replace; to make restitution; to make reparation for.”
For example:
• I ruined your T-shirt, but I hope this new one I bought you makes up for it.
• He spent two weeks with his family to make up for his year-long absence.
3. Make for
Our third phrasal verb means “to move toward a certain place or destination; to contribute to or result in.”
For example:
• She had already made for home when I arrived.
• Make for those woods, a storm is approaching!
• Both players are professionals, so it makes for a good game.
4. Make off
This phrasal verb means “to hurry away; to escape,” and it is often used when someone hurries away or escapes with something that was stolen.
Look at the examples:
• The thieves had to make off in their car when the police arrived.
• She made off with my jewellery.
5. Make of
No, this is not a typo! Don’t be afraid. This is a phrasal verb with a completely different meaning. It means “to understand, to judge, to find a reason.”
For example:
• I have no idea what to make of her behaviour.
• Can you make anything of this movie? I don’t get it at all…
6. Make out
This phrasal verb means “to cope with something; to understand something.”
Let’s look at some examples:
• How did you make out on your statistics test?
• How is he making out with the recent death of his uncle?
• As far as I can make out, she is a kind and charming person.
7. Make out (with)
If the word with is added to the previous phrasal verb, it takes on a very interesting meaning: “to kiss passionately.” Sometimes the word “with” is omitted, but it is understood within the context.
For example:
• Hey, I’ve seen you making out with John.
• Baby, let’s make out!
8. Make out to be
This phrasal verb means “to pretend or seem to be.” Again, don’t forget to look at the context in order to properly understand the meaning of phrasal verbs.
Examples:
• He makes himself out to be a big artist, but I’ve never seen his work.
• Lucy made herself out to be a tough cookie, but I knew she was actually rather sensitive.
9. Make into
Our last phrasal verb means “to convert one thing into another.”
For example:
• He made his old garage into a bar.
• Lots of practice will make you into a fluent English speaker.
In conclusion, here is a small selection of useful expressions with the verb make:
• The album is in the making – The album is in the process of being created
• To make a fool of oneself – To act stupid or foolish
• To make sure/certain smb does smth – To be certain that someone does something
• I have to make myself known – I have to draw attention to myself; I have to let other people know about me.
• To make a deal with smb about smth – To reach an agreement with someone about something. (This usually involves business or money.)
• Sorry I made fun of you earlier – I am sorry I mocked you earlier.
• Make up your mind! – Decide!