ВОСПИТАНИЕ НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ В ЭПОХУ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
RAISING A NEW GENERATION IN ERA OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATION •
1 APRIL 2022
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VISUALIZATION OF THE MAUSOLEUM OF AMIR TIMUR IN SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN,
BASED ON HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA
N.Tukhboeva
(PhD) of architecture, Ajou University in Tashkent
Аннотация.
В статье приводятся новые сведения о формировании ансамбля мавзолея Амира Тимура,
который был известен под именем Гури Амир.
Ключевые слова:
гробница, медресе, мечеть, комплекс, ансамбль, крыша, купол, суфа, сардоба,
мионсарай, башня, могилы.
Abstract.
In this article the new information is given about the forming of the Amir Timur mausoleum’s
ensemble which was famous by the name of Guri Amir.
Keywords:
tomb, madrasa, mosque, complex, ensemble, roof, dome, sufa, sardoba, myonsarai, tower,
graves.
Problem solving. Between the 14
th
and 15
th
centuries in the south-west of Samarkand a new architectural
monument was erected by the order of the beloved grandson of Amir Timur - Prince Muhammad Sultan. In
1404, Amir Timur ordered adding a mausoleum to the ensemble, and this place later serve as the last place
for him and his relatives.
There are several controversial opinions about the funeral of Muhammad Sultan at the sites and the
unfinished facility built on the western and southern sides to the main Gur-Emir mausoleum building of
the Amir Timur mausoleum ensemble. It is known that Amir Timur had taken Samarkand as the capital of
his realm. During his whole life he was engaged in making beautification works in Samarkand, constructing
streets, building majestic buildings.
The ensemble includes the entrance gates in form of a portal, the squared courtyard, the building
residues of the madrasah on the left side, the foundation walls of the khanaka on the west side of the yard,
mausoleum building on the south and the remains of a building attached to it.
The level of knowledge of the problem. At first, in 1908 A. V. Shchusev, then V. L. Vyatkin, B. P. Zasipkin,
later Ya. Gulamov, Kori-Niyazi, G. A. Pugachenkova, L. I. Rempel and others have been conducting research on
Gur-Emir ensemble - one of the major architectural monuments of Samarkand. In order to generalize this
information, the architect I. E. Pletnev was conducting dissertation research in this area.
The researcher has analyzed the construction of the madrasah, khanaka and mausoleum, and determined
the great portal built adjacent to the west side of the mausoleum as of 17
th
century. At the same time, the
author himself writes that the floor area of this huge structure is equated to the floor area of the 15
th
century
buildings. This has resulted in confusion. We have reviewed the researches of I. E. Pletnev, written sources of
the 15
th
century and the authors of the 17
th
century, we came to the conclusions which clarify and complete
the history of the Gur-Emir architectural ensemble.
I. E. Pletnev and Yu. Z. Shvab reached the same conclusion with V.V. Bartold which were using the
translation of Zafarname by Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi made by V.V. Bartold. The accuracy of the translation of
Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi’s manuscript made by V.V. Bartold himself raised doubts among us.
V.V. Bartold’s translation: "... next to the madrasah it was decided to build a mausoleum with a dome;
According to a decree, a sky-blue colored dome at the southern sufa in front of the khanaka was erected...."
Here V.V. Bartold is talking twice about the dome and claims that it is the only mausoleum dome.
Amir Timur was not ordered to build a domed mausoleum dedicated to his grandson, but “a house with
a mosque and a mausoleum”. In order to clarify the matter, we turn to the text of the original work of Sharaf
al-Din Ali Yazdi:
... و ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺍ ﺭﻮﺝ ﺁﺴﺎ که ﭙﺮﺘﻮ ﺤﻴﺍﺖ ﻮ ﺒﻘﺎ ﺒﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺪ ﺒﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺴﻤﺮﻘﻧﺪ ﺪﺮﺁﻤﺪ ﻮﺨﺎنه ﺸﺎه ﺯﺍده ﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻤﺤﻤﺪ ﺴﻟﻁﺎن خص ﺒﻤﺯید ﺍﻟﺮحمة
ﻮﺍﻟﺮﻀﻮﺍن ﺒﻜﺮﺍﻤﺖ ﻨﺯﻮﻝ همﺍیون ﺍختصﺍص ﻴﺎﻔﺖ ﻮ ﻓﺮﻤﺎن شد که ﻤﺘﺼﻞ ﺒﻤﺪﺮسه که معمﺍﺭ همت شﺍه ﺯﺍده ﻣﺷﺎﺮﺍﻝیه ﺍﻨﺸﺎ ﻜﺮﺪه ﺒﻮﺪ گنبذی
ﺝهت ﻣﺮﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﻮﱠﺮﺶ ﺒﺴﺎﺯﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺤﺴﺐ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺪه ﺪﺮ پیشگﺍه ﺴﺎحه ﺨﺎﻨﻗﺎهٴ متصﻝ بصوفه ﺠﻨﻮﺒﻰ قبهٴ فﻝک ﻣﺴﺎﻞ ﺒﺭﺍفﺭﺍختند
...
"... From there, Amir Timur came to the light bringing Samarkand and went to Sayyid Muhammad Sultan's
house, and the late Prince has been merciful and the God forgave his sins. It was ordered to build a dome
on top of his mausoleum. For implementation of this order, it was beginning to construct a sky-blue colored
dome on the southern sufa in front of the khanaka square."[1, p. 457-934].
When looked closely at the Yazdi’s text, it is understood about building two domes onto the two
buildings. The first one was planned to be put on the level of the madrasah above the tomb and the other
sky-blue colored one on the level of the khanaka at its southern sufa.
The foundations of the Muhammad Sultan’s khanaka and the remains of the building foundations of the
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