Olynthiacae, have it bound and send it to me.” Steven Ozment, Three Behaim Boys: Growing Up in Early
Modern Germany (New Haven & London, 1990).
20. Adam, Histoire de l’enseignement secondaire à Sélestat.
21. Jakob Wimpfeling, Isidoneus, XXI, in J. Freudgen, Jakob Wimphelings pädagogische Schriften
(Paderborn, 1892).
22. Isabel Suzeau, “Un Écolier de la fin du XV siècle: À propos d’un cahier inédit de l’école latine de
Sélestat sous Crato Hofman”, in Annuaire de la Société des Amis de la Bibliothèque de Sélestat (Sélestat,
1991).
23. Jacques Le Goff, Les Intellectuels au Moyen Age, rev. ed. (Paris, 1985).
24. Letter from L. Guidetti to B. Massari dated Oct. 25, 1465, in La critica del Landino, ed. R. Cardini
(Florence, 1973). Quoted in Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an
Age of Science, 1450–1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991).
25. Wimpfeling, Isidoneus, XXI.
26. Adam, L’Humanisme à Sélestat.
27. Ibid.
28. In the end, Dringenberg’s preference became prevalent: in the early years of the sixteenth century, as
a reaction to the Reformation, the teachers at the Latin school eliminated all pagan writers deemed
“suspect”, i.e., not “canonized” by authorities such as Saint Augustine, and insisted on a strict Catholic
education.
29. Jakob Spiegel, “Scholia in Reuchlin Scaenica progymnasmata”, in G. Knod, Jakob Spiegel aus
Schlettstadt: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des deutschen Humanismus (Strasbourg, 1884).
30. Jakob Wimpfeling, “Diatriba” IV, in G. Knod, Aus der Bibliothek des Beatus Rhenanus: Ein Beitrag zur
Geschichte des Humanismus (Sélestat, 1889).
31. Jerôme Gebwiler, quoted in Schlettstadter Chronik des Schulmeisters Hieronymus Gebwiler, ed. J.
Geny (Sélestat, 1890).
32. Nicolas Adam, “Vraie manière d’apprendre une langue quelconque”, in Dictionnaire pédagogique
(Paris, 1787).
33. Keller, Helen, The Story of My Life, 3rd ed. (London, 1903).
34. Quoted in E.P. Goldschmidt, Medieval Texts and Their First Appearance in Print, suppl. to
Biographical Society Transactions 16 (Oxford, 1943).
35. The Catholic Church did not revoke the ban on Copernicus’s writings until 1758.
THE MISSING FIRST PAGE
1. Franz Kafka, Erzählungen (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1967).
2. Cf. Goethe (quoted in Umberto Eco, The Limits of Interpretation [Bloomington & Indianapolis, 1990]):
“Symbolism transforms the experience into an idea and an idea into an image, so that the idea expressed
through the image remains always active and unattainable and, even though expressed in all languages,
remains inexpressible. Allegory transforms experience into a concept and a concept into an image, but so
that the concept remains always defined and expressible by the image.”
3. Paul de Man, Allegories of Reading: Figural Language in Rousseau, Nietzsche, Rilke, and Proust (New
Haven, 1979).
4. Dante, Le Opere di Dante. Testo critico della Società Dantesca Italiana, ed. M. Barbi et al. (Milan,
1921–22).
5. Ernst Pawel, The Nightmare of Reason: A Life of Franz Kafka (New York, 1984).
6. Franz Kafka, Brief an den Vater (New York, 1953).
7. Quoted in Pawel, The Nightmare of Reason.
8. Gustav Janouch, Conversations with Kafka, trans. Goronwy Rees, 2nd ed., revised and enlarged (New
York, 1971).
9. Martin Buber, Tales of the Hasidim, 2 vols., trans. Olga Marx (New York, 1947).
10. Marc-Alain Ouaknin, Le Livre brûlé: Philosophie du Talmud (Paris, 1986).
11. Pawel, The Nightmare of Reason.
12. Janouch, Conversations with Kafka.
13. Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, trans. Harry Zohn (New York, 1968).
14. Ibid.
15. Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov, trans. David Magarshack, Vol. I (London, 1958).
16. Janouch, Conversations with Kafka.
17. Eco, The Limits of Interpretation.
18. Pawel, The Nightmare of Reason.
19. Janouch, Conversations with Kafka.
20. Quoted in Gershom Sholem, Walter Benjamin: The Story of a Friendship, trans. Harry Zohn (New
York, 1981).
21. Marthe Robert, La Tyrannie de l’imprimé (Paris, 1984).
22. Jorge Luis Borges, “Kafka y sus precursores”, in Otras Inquisitions (Buenos Aires, 1952).
23. Robert, La Tyrannie de l’imprimé.
24. Vladimir Nabokov, “Metamorphosis”, in Lectures on Literature (New York, 1980).
25. Pawel, The Nightmare of Reason.
PICTURE READING
1. Luigi Serafini, Codex Seraphinianus, intr. by Italo Calvino (Milan, 1981).
2. John Atwatter, The Penguin Book of Saints (London, 1965).
3. K. Heussi, “Untersuchungen zu Nilus dem Asketem”, in Texte und Untersuchungen, Vol. XLII, Fasc. 2
(Leipzig, 1917).
4. Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique des six premiers
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