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XI siècle (Paris, 1979).
28. Parkes, Pause and Effect.
29. Saint Isaac of Syria, “Directions of Spiritual Training”, in Early Fathers from the Philokalia, ed. &
trans. E. Kadloubovsky & G.E.H. Palmer (London & Boston, 1954).
30. Isidoro de Sevilla, Libri sententiae, III, 13: 9, quoted in Etimologías, ed. Manuel C. Díaz y Díaz
(Madrid, 1982–83).
31. Isidoro de Sevilla, Etimologías, I, 3: 1.
32. David Diringer, The Hand-Produced Book (London, 1953).
33. Parkes, Pause and Effect.
34. Carlo M. Cipolla, Literacy and Development in the West (London, 1969).
35. Quoted in Wilhelm Wattenbach, Das Schriftwesen im Mittelalter (Leipzig, 1896).
36. Alan G. Thomas, Great Books and Book Collectors (London, 1975).
37. Saint Augustine, Confessions, VI, 3.
38. Psalms 91: 6.
39. Saint Augustine, Confessions, VI, 3.
40. David Christie-Murray, A History of Heresy (Oxford & New York, 1976).
41. Robert I. Moore, The Birth of Popular Heresy (London, 1975).
42. Heiko A. Oberman, Luther: Mensch zwischen Gott und Teufel (Berlin, 1982).
43. E.G. Léonard, Histoire générale du protestantisme, Vol. I (Paris, 1961–64).
44. Van Wyck Brooks, The Flowering of New England, 1815–1865 (New York, 1936).
45. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Society and Solitude (Cambridge, Mass., 1870).
THE BOOK OF MEMORY
1. Saint Augustine, “Of the Origin and Nature of the Soul”, IV, 7: 9, in Basic Writings of Saint Augustine,
ed. Whitney J. Oates (London, 1948).
2. Cicero, De oratore, Vol. I, ed. E.W. Sutton & H. Rackham (Cambridge, Mass.,& London, 1957), II, 86:
354.
3. Louis Racine, Mémoires contenant quelques particularités sur la vie et les ouvrages de Jean Racine, in
Jean Racine, Oeuvres complètes, Vol. I, ed. Raymond Picard (Paris, 1950).
4. Plato, Phaedrus, in The Collected Dialogues, ed. Edith Hamilton & Huntington Cairns (Princeton,
1961).
5. Mary J. Carruthers, The Book of Memory (Cambridge, 1990).
6. Ibid.
7. Eric G. Turner, “I Libri nell’Atene del V e IV secolo A.C.”, in Guglielmo Cavallo, Libri, editori e pubblico
nel mondo antico (Rome & Bari, 1992).
8. John, 8:8.
9. Carruthers, The Book of Memory.
10. Ibid.
11. Aline Rousselle, Porneia (Paris, 1983).
12. Frances A. Yates, The Art of Memory (London, 1966).
13. Petrarch, Secretum meum, II, in Prose, ed. Guido Martellotti et al. (Milan, 1951).
14. Victoria Kahn, “The Figure of the Reader in Petrarch’s Secretum”, in Petrarch: Modern Critical Views,
ed. Harold Bloom (New York & Philadelphia, 1989).
15. Petrarch, Familiares, 2.8.822, quoted in ibid.
LEARNING TO READ
1. Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tristes Tropiques (Paris, 1955).
2. A. Dorlan, “Casier descriptif et historique des rues & maisons de Sélestat” (1926), in Annuaire de la
Société des Amis de la Bibliothèque de Sélestat (Sélestat, 1951).
3. Quoted in Paul Adam, Histoire de l’enseignement secondaire à Sélestat (Sélestat, 1969).
4. Herbert Grundmann, Vom Ursprung der Universität im Mittelalter (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1957).
5. Ibid.
6. Edouard Fick, Introduction to La Vie de Thomas Platter écrite par lui-même (Geneva, 1862).
7. Paul Adam, L’Humanisme à Sélestat: L’École, les humanistes, la bibliothèque (Sélestat, 1962).
8. Thomas Platter, La Vie de Thomas Platter écrite par lui-même, trans. Edouard Fick (Geneva, 1862).
9. Israel Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages (London, 1896).
10. I am grateful to Professor Roy Porter for this caveat.
11. Mateo Palmieri, Della vita civile (Bologna, 1944).
12. Leon Battista Alberti, I Libri della famiglia, ed. R. Romano & A. Tenenti (Turin, 1969).
13. Quintilian, The Institutio Oratoria of Quintilian, trans. H.E. Butler (Oxford, 1920–22), I i 12.
14. Quoted in Pierre Riche & Daniele Alexandre-Bidon, L’Enfance au Moyen Age. Catalogue of exhibition
at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, Oct. 26, 1994—Jan. 15, 1995 (Paris, 1995).
15. Ibid.
16. M.D. Chenu, La Théologie comme science au XIII siècle, 3rd ed. (Paris, 1969).
17. Dominique Sourdel & Janine Sourdel-Thomine, eds., Medieval Education in Islam and the West
(Cambridge, Mass., 1977).
18. Alfonso el Sabio, Las Siete Partidas, ed. Ramón Menéndez Pidal (Madrid, 1955), 2 31 IV.
19. We have a letter, from about the same time, from a student requesting that his mother obtain some
books for him, without concern about the cost: “I also want Paul to buy the Orationes Demosthenis
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