TENSES
(ZAMONLAR)
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TIME WORDS
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USAGE
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AFFIRMATIVE
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NEGATIVE
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INTERROGATIVE
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PRESENT SIMPLE
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Every day
Sometimes
Always
Often
Usually
Seldom
Never
First…Then…
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-Takrorlanuvchi harakat
- Doimiy harakat
-Hayotiy haqiqat bo’lgan
-Tabiat qonunlari
- Kelasi zamonda: jadvallar va dasturlarni
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S+V(1)+O
They write poems
Ular sherlar yozadi
S(He,She,It)+V(es)s)
He writes poems
U she’rlar yozadi.
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S+DO NOT(DON’T)+V(1)
They don’t write poems
Ular she’rlar yozmaydi
S(He,She,It) +does not(doesn’t)+V(1)
He doesn’t write poems.
U she’rlar yozmaydi.
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Do +S+V(1)+O?
Do they write poems?
Ular she’r yozadimi?
Does+he,she,it+V(1)?
Does he write poems?
U she’rlar yozadimi?
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PAST SIMPLE
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Last….
….ago
In 1990
Yesterday ..
Then…
The day before yesterday…
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-o’tgan zamonda aniq vaqtda bo’lgan
-o’tgan zamonda ketma ket kelgan
-oldin yashab o’tgan shaxslar hayoti
-o’tgan zamonda muntazam harakat
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Regular Verb:
S+V(ED)D)+O
He worked
Uishladi(ishlagan)
Irregular verb:
S+V(2)+O
They wrote poems
Ular she’rlar yozdi(yozgan)
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Regular verb:
S+DID NOT (DIDN’T)+V (ED)D+O
He didn’t work
Uishlamadi(ishlamagan)
Irregular verb:
S+DID NOT (DIDN’T) +V(1)+O
They didn’t write poems.
Ular she’rlar yozmadi(yozmagan)
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Regular verb:
DID+S+V (ED)D+O?
Did he work?
Uishladimi(ishlaganmi?)
Irregular verb:
DID+S+V(1)+O?
Did they write poems?
Ular she’rlar yozdimi\ yozganmi?
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FUTURE SIMPLE
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Tomorrow
Tonight
Next week\month,etc
In two days\months,etc
The day after tomorrow…
Soon….
In a week\ month, etc.
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-kelajakda biz hali qaror qilmagan harakat(probably-ehtimol so’zi bilan)
-umid,qo’rquv, qo’rqitish,to’satdan chiqarilgan qaror, taklif,va’da, ogohlantirish,bashorat
, (I expect.., I hope..,I believe..,I’m afraid.., I’m sure.., I know.., I think.. kabi iboralar bilan)
-kelajakda o’zgartirib bo’lmaydigan harakat (I will be 20 next year)
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S+WILL+V(1)+O
They will write poems.
Ular sh’erlar yozadi(kelajakda)
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S+WILL NOT(WON’T)+V(1)+O
They won’t write poems. Ular
she’rlar yozmaydi.
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WILL+S+V(1)+O?
Will they write poems?
Ular she’rlar yozadimi?
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BE GOING TO
… MOQCHI
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tomorrow, tonight, next week / month, in two / three, etc. days, the
day after tomorrow, soon, in a week / month, etc.
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*kelajakdagi rejalar va niyatlar
They’re going to have a
party next week.
*Yaqin kelajakda sodir bo’lishi kutilayotgan va dalili ko’rinib turgan bo’lsa
Look at grey clouds. It is going to rain.
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S+AM/IS/ARE+GOING TO +V(1).
They are going to write poems.
Ular she’rlar yozmoqchi.
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S+AM/IS/ARE+NOT+ GOING TO +V(1).
They are NOT going to write poems.
Ular she’rlar yozmoqchi EMAS.
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AM/IS/ARE+S+ GOING TO +V(1)?.
Are they going to write poems?.
Ular she’rlar yozmoqchiMI?.
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
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Now
At the moment
At present
This week\month,etc
These days…
Today…
Tonight …
Tomorrow…
Next week..
Look!
Listen!
Be quiet!
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-vaqtinchalik ish harakatlar
-ayni hozirda , gapirayotgan vaqtda sodir bo’layotgan ish harakat
-always (nuqul)so’zi bilan jahl yoki tanqidni bildiradi
- yaqin kelajakda belgilab qo’yilgan, sodir bo’lishi aniq bo’lgan ish harakat (They are getting married this afternoon)
-o’zgarayotgan (rivojlanayotgan yoki pasayotgan)voqealar (The prices are decreasing gradually)
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S+AM,IS,ARE+V(ING)+ O
They are writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozayapti\ yozmoqda
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S+AM,IS,ARE+NOT +V(ING)+O
They are not writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozmayapti.
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AM,IS,ARE+S+V(ING)+O?
Are they writing poems?
Ular she’rlar yozyaptimi?
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PAST CONTINUOUS
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while, when, as, at that time
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*Bir vaqtda sodir bo’lgan 2va undan ortiq ish harakat
While 1 was sunbathing.
Tim was swimming
*o’tgan zamonda aniq vaqtda sodir bo’lib kelgan ish harakat
He was playing tennis at 4:30 pm yesterday.
*o’tgan zamonda davom etgan ish harakatni boshqasi to’xtatadi. Uzoqroq harakat Past Continuous, qisqaroq harakat the Past
Simple.
While 1 was getting
Dressed, the bell rang.
*hikoyadagi voqealarni tasvirlash
She was flying to Paris.The sun was shining..
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S+WAS\WERE+V(ING)+O
They were writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozayotgan edi.
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S+WAS\WERE +NOT+V(ING)+O.
They were not writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozmayotgan edi.
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WAS\WERE+S+V(ING)+O?
Were they writing poems?
Ular she’rlar yozayotgan edimi?
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FUTURE CONTINUOUS
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tomorrow, tonight, next week / month, in two / three, etc. days, the
day after tomorrow, soon, in a week / month, etc
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*kelajakda aniq vaqtda davom etib keladigan harakat
He’ll be sunbathing in
Hawaii this time next week
*Kundalik faoliyat natijasida shundoq ham sodir bo’ladigan harakat
I’ll be seeing John
tomorrow. (Yani, biz John bilan hamkasbmiz shuning uchun uni aniq ko’raman)
*birovning kelajakdagi rejasini odob bilan yoki o’z manfatimizni ko’zlab so’rash
Will you be going to the supermarket? Can you buy me some tea?
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S+WILL BE +V(ING)+O
They will be writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozayotgan bo’ladi.
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S+ WILL NOT(WON’T) BE+V(ING)+O.
They will NOT be writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozMayotgan bo’ladi.
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WILL +S+ BE +V(ING)+O
Will they be writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozayotgan bo’ladimi?.
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PRESENT PERFECT
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just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), always, how
long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for
(= over a period of time), today, this week / month, etc.
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*yaqindagina tugagan harakat
She has tidied her room.
*o’tgan zamonda vaqti noaniq harakat
He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them.)
*ma’lum vaqt mobaynida sodir bo’lgan shaxsiy ta’surotlar va o’zgarishlar
I’ve lost weight.
*yaqinda tugagan harakatning natijasiga e’tibor qaratish(soni)
She’s written three letters since this morning.
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REGULAR VERB:
S+HAVE\HAS+V
(ED)D)+O
He has finished his homework.
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’ldi.
IRREGULAR VERB:
S+HAVE\HAS+V(3)+O
They have written poems.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’ldi.
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REGULAR VERB:
S+HAVE\HAS+ NOT +V(ED)D)+O
He has NOT finished his homework.
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’lMAdi.
IRREGULAR VERB:
S+ HAVE\HAS+ NOT+V(3)+O
They have NOT written poems.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’lMAdi.
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REGULAR VERB:
HAVE\HAS+S+ V(ED)D)+O?
Has he has finished his homework?.
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’ldimi?.
IRREGULAR VERB:
HAVE\HAS+S+ V(3)+O?
Have they written poems?.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’ldimi?.
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PAST PERFECT
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for, since, already, after, just, never, yet, before, by, by the time, etc.
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*o’tgan zamonda aniq vaqtda boshqa harakatdan oldin tugagan harakat
He had left by the
time 1 got there.
(or by 8:15 pm)
* o’tgan zamonda isboti bo’lgan tugagan harakat
She was sad because she had failed the test
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REGULAR VERB:
S+HAD+V(ED)D)+O
He had finished his homework.
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’lgandi.
IRREGULAR VERB:
S+HAD+V(3)+O
They had written poems.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’lgandi.
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REGULAR VERB:
S+HAD+NOT+V(ED)D)+O
He had NOT finished his homework.
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’lMAgandi.
IRREGULAR VERB:
S+HAD+NOT+V(3)+O
They had NOT written poems.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’lMAgandi.
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REGULAR VERB:
HAD+S+ V(ED)D)+O
Had he finished his homework.?
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’lgandimi?.
IRREGULAR VERB:
HAD+S+ V(3)+O
Had they written poems?.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’lgandimi?.
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FUTURE PERFECT
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before, by, by then, by the time, until (is used only in negative
sentences with this tense
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*kelajakda aniq bir vaqtgacha tugatiladigan harakat
She w ill have come back by
the end of July.
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REGULAR VERB:
S+WILL HAVE +V(ED)D)+O
He WILL HAVE finished his homework.
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’lADI.
IRREGULAR VERB:
S+WILL HAVE +V(3)+O
They WILL HAVE written poems.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’lADI
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REGULAR VERB:
S+WILL NOT HAVE +V(ED)D)+O
He WILL NOT HAVE finished his homework.
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’lMAYDI.
IRREGULAR VERB:
S+WILL NOT HAVE +V(3)+O
They WILL NOT HAVE written poems.
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’lMAYDI
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REGULAR VERB:
WILL +S+ HAVE +V(ED)D)+O?
WILL he HAVE finished his homework?
U uyga vazifasini tugatib bo’lADImi?.
IRREGULAR VERB:
WILL +S+ HAVE +V(3)+O
WILL they HAVE written poems.?
Ular she’rlar yozib bo’lADImi?
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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
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how long, for, since
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*o’tgan zamonda boshlanib hozirgacha davom etayotgan ish har.
He's been writing a letter for two hours.
*o’tgan zamonda ma’lum vaqt sodir bo’lgan va natijasi hozir ko’rinib turgan ish har.
She’s been crying. (Her eyes are red.)
*jahl, g’azab yoki tanqidni bildiradi
Who has been using my
hairbrush?(annoyance)
*ish harakatning muddatini bildiradi
(odatda for, since or how long bilan)
They have been speaking in his office for the last hour.
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S+HAVE/HAS+ BEEN+V(ING)
They HAVE BEEN writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozib kelmoqda
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S+HAVE/HAS+NOT+BEEN+ V(ING)
They HAVE NOT BEEN writing poems.
Ular she’rlar yozMAY kelmoqda
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HAVE/HAS+S+ BEEN+V(ING)?
HAVE they BEEN writing poems?
Ular she’rlar yozib kelmoqdami?
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PAST PERFECT CONTINUOS
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for, since
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*o’tgan zamonda biror harakatdan oldin sodir bo’lgan harakatning muddatini ifodalaydi
She had been working as
a clerk for 10 years before
she resigned.
*ma’lum muddat davom etgan va natijasi otgan zamonda ko’ringan ish harakat
They were wet (natija) because they had been walking in the rain (ish harakat).
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S+HAD+ BEEN+V(ING)
They HAD BEEN writing poems for 4 years.
Ular 4 yildan beri she’rlar yozib kelmoqda edi/yozayotgandi
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S+HAD+ NOT+BEEN+V(ING)
They HAD NOT BEEN writing poems for 4 years..
Ular 4 yildan beri she’rlar yozmayotgandi
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HAD+S+ BEEN+V(ING)?
HAD they BEEN writing poems for 4 years.?
Ular 4 yildan beri she’rlar yozayotganmidi?
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FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
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by ... for
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*Kelajakda ma’lum bir vaqtgacha sodir bo’ladigan ish harakatning muddati , davomiyligini bildiradi
By the end of this year (ma’lum vaqt) , Sally w ill have been working here for two years (muddat).
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S+WILL HAVE + BEEN+V(ING)
They WILL HAVE BEEN writing poems for 4 years.
Ular 4 yildan beri she’rlar YOZAYOTGAN BO’LADI
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S+WILL NOT HAVE + BEEN+V(ING)
They WILL NOT HAVE BEEN writing poems for 4 years.
Ular 4 yildan beri she’rlar YOZMAYOTGAN BO’LADI
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WILL + S+ HAVE + BEEN+V(ING)?
WILL they HAVE BEEN writing
poems for 4 years?.
Ular 4 yildan beri she’rlar YOZAYOTGAN BO’LADImi?
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