Variant 1 Share your ideas about the text History of bridges and tunnels

3. Insert the words from the list
transportation, vertical, construction, excavating, underground, tube, inside, portal, bottom, backfill
A tunnel is essentially horizontal ... passageway produced by excavating or occasionally ... by nature's action in dissolving a soluble rock. A ... opening is usually called a shaft. Tunnels have many uses: for mining ores, for ... and for conducting water and sewage. True tunnels and chambers are excavated from the ... and then lined as necessary to support the adjacent ground. A hillside tunnel entrance is called a ... . Tunnels may also be started from the ... of a vertical shaft or from the end of a horizontal tunnel driven principally for ... access and called an adit. So-called cut-and-cover tunnels (more correctly called conduits) are built by ... from the surface, constructing the structure, and then covering with .... Tunnels underwater arc now commonly built by the use of an immersed ....
4. Put in prepositions where necessary. Fill in the blanks using Future Simple, Future Continuous and Future Perfect Tense.

1. 
   I ( to do) my homework tomorrow .
   
2. 
   I ( to do) my homework at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
   
3. 
   I ( to do) my homework by 6 o’clock tomorrow.
   
4. 
   Tomorrow I ( to begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from the Institute.
   

I (to do) my homework from three till six. My father( to come) home at 7 o’clock tomorrow. I( to do) all my homework by the time he comes, and we (to go) for a walk together.

5. 
   When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper.
   

5. Match the words 1-8 and their definitions a-j.

1	to utilize	a. something which is considered to be morally wrong;
2	competency	b. want to achieve something especially in career;
3	to tackle	с the ability to do something in a satisfactory way;
4	Wired	d. quality or ability is one you have always had;
5	to unfold	e. want something very much and in a way that is very hard to control;
6	to aspire	f. use something;
7	to crave	g. feeling nervous or excited;
8	Innate	h. a connection with a religious or political organization;
9	Affiliation	i. happen or develop in this or that way;
10	Immoral	j. make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem, often a social one;