В пособии рассматриваются основные моменты английской грамматики: части речи имя существительное, имя прилагательное и наречие; видо-временные формы глагола; модальные глаголы; неличные формы глагола

THE FUTURE

1. Future Forms

There are several ways of expressing the future in English. The forms are listed below and will be dealt with in the order in which they are given. It is recommended to study them in this order, as otherwise the relationship between them will not be clear.
a. The simple present
b. will + infinitive, used for intention
c. The present continuous
d. The be going to form
e. The ‘future simple’ will/shall + infinitive
f. The future continuous
g. The future perfect
h. The future perfect continuous
i. be + infinitive used to express future plans
j. be about + infinitive

2. The simple present used for the future

A. We use the present simple to talk about future events which are already ‘on a
programme’. This is particularly common when we refer to timetables:
The autumn term starts on September 10th.
What time does the next train to London leave?


B. The simple present is used when speaking of a series of proposed future
actions, like plans for a journey:
We leave at six, arrive in Dublin at ten and take the plane to London.


C. The present simple is also common in subordinate clauses of sentences about
the future, after conjunctions of time, condition, and some others:
Tell me as soon as she arrives.
Supposing it snows - what shall we do?

3. Will + Infinitive Used to Express Intention at the Moment of
Decision

A. If we talk about a decision at the moment we are making it, we generally use
the future with will. (Shall is not common in this meaning except in
questions.) The contracted form ‘ll is very frequent.
The phone is ringing. - I’ll answer it.
I’m going out for a drink. - Wait a minute and I’ll come with you.
We use shall if we are asking what decision we ought to make:
What shall I do?
Shall we tell her?


B. will + infinitive for threats, promises, offers, requests and refusal
1. Threats and promises are decisions, either to do something definitely, or to
do it under certain circumstances:
I promise I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive.
I swear I’ll pay you back.
I’ll hit you if you do that again.
2. When we make offers and requests, we are asking for future actions to be
decided:
That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.
I need some money. - Don’t worry. I’ll lend you some.
We usually use Shall I...? for offers and Will you...? for requests:
Shall I carry your bag?
Will you shut the door, please?
3. To express negative intention (or refusal) we use won’t:
He won’t pay.
I won’t tell Tom what you said.