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participles used as adjectives before and after nouns



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Змиева Practical English Grammar Handbook

9. participles used as adjectives before and after nouns


Participles as adjectives cannot always be used before nouns. We can say an
interesting book
or a broken window but it is not normal to say the climbing
man
or the discussed problems. Why is this?
When we put a participle before the noun, it is usually expresses some more
permanent characteristic: it is more like an adjective than a verb. If we talk
about an interesting book we probably do not mean that the book is
interesting somebody at the moment we speak; we are talking about a
general quality of the book. On the other hand, if we talk about a man
climbing on a rock, or about the problems discussed at the meeting, or the
window broken last night, we are thinking more of the actions. Compare:
I’ll never get married - I don’t want to spend my life surrounded by
dirty washing and screaming children.

Did you hear that child screaming?
In the first sentence. the speaker suggests that screaming is a permanent
characteristic of children; in the second, screaming refers to a single action.

Here are some more expressions in which the participle must go after the /


noun:
the only place left the people taking part
any person objecting all children wishing to compete
the success just obtained
Most of the people singing were students.
Many of the people questioned refused to answer.
It is not always easy to explain why one participle can be used before a
noun (a lost dog), but another one cannot (a built house). This is a
complicated area of English grammar which has not been completely
analysed.
Note also that many past participles can be put before a noun only if they
are used in the compound adjective structure adverb + participle. We
cannot say *a built house or * the mentioned point but we can say a
recently-built house
or the above-mentioned point.



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