В пособии рассматриваются основные моменты английской грамматики: части речи имя существительное, имя прилагательное и наречие; видо-временные формы глагола; модальные глаголы; неличные формы глагола



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Змиева Practical English Grammar Handbook

Couldn’t not can’t must be used when the deduction is introduced by a
verb in the past tense:
He said it couldn’t be an aeroplane.
She said I couldn’t have come on the 10.30 train.


D. can and could in questions (see 7.1)
To express doubt with negative meaning prefixes dis- or mis- are used with
the verbs or the verb fail:
Can he dislike the performance. Неужели ему не нравится
спектакль?
Can he fail to recognize her. Неужели он не узнает ее?
Can he have misunderstood the rule. Неужели он не понял правило?
Can he have failed to recognize her. Неужели он не узнал ее?
MUST, HAVE TO, NEED, OUGHT TO, SHOULD, TO BE TO AND HAD BETTER FOR OBLIGATION


11. must and have to: forms


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligation No obligation
Speaker’s External
authority authority
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Future must shall/will have to shan’t/won’t have to

Present must have to don’t/doesn’t have to


have (got) to haven’t (got) to

Past had to had to didn’t have to


hadn’t (got) to
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
must is used in the present and future.
Negative: must not
Interrogative: must I?
The past tense is supplied by had to.
must takes the bare infinitive.
It can express obligation and emphatic advice.
Boss: You must finish this work before you leave (obligation)
You must go and see this play. It’s so much spoken about ( emphatic advice).

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