В пособии рассматриваются основные моменты английской грамматики: части речи имя существительное, имя прилагательное и наречие; видо-временные формы глагола; модальные глаголы; неличные формы глагола

1. Kinds of adverbs

Manner: fast, happily, quickly, well
Place: down, here, there, near, up
Time: now, soon, then, today, yet
Frequency: always, never, often, twice
Sentence: certainly, definitely, surely
Degree: hardly, rather, too, very
Interrogative: When? Where? Why?
Relative: when, where, why

2. Form and use

A. Many adverbs of manner and some adverbs of degree are formed by adding
ly to the corresponding adjectives:
quick-quickly serious-seriously slow-slowly
Spelling notes:
a) A final y changes to i: happy-happily
b) A final e remains unchanged: brave-bravely
Exceptions: true-truly, due-duly, whole-wholly
c) Adjectives ending in a consonant+le drop the final e and add y:
capable-capably sensible-sensibly gentle-gently
d) Adjectives ending in a vowel+l follow the usual rule:
beautiful-beautifully final-finally


B. Exceptions
a) The adverb of good is well.
Your English is very good. You speak English very well.
We often use well with past participles: well-known, well-dressed, well-
educated.
But well is also an adjective with the meaning ‘in good health’.
‘How are you today?’ ‘I’m very well, thanks.’
b) kindly can be adjective or adverb.
c) Not all words ending in ly are adverbs, e.g. friendly, likely, lonely, lively,
elderly, silly, lovely cannot be used as adverbs and have no adverb
forms. To supply this deficiency we use a similar adverb or adverb phrase:
likely (adjective) - probably (adverb)
friendly (adjective) - in a friendly way (adverb phrase)