Uzbekistan state world languages university

LIST OF THE KEY WORDS OF UNDERSTANDING THE COURSE OF
COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES
Typology of phonetic and phonological level of English and Native
languages

1. 
   The term 'phonetics' is the greek word ("phone"-meaning sound, voice and "tika" - a science/box). It is a science which studies the phonetic substance and the expression area of the language, or otherwise a physical media of a language (sounds, syllables, stress, and intonation).
   
2. 
   From the acoustic and articulator points of view, the phonemic system of any language may be divided into vowels and consonants.
   
3. 
   Segmental phonology studies phonemes realized in avarious speech sound. Therefore, it may be called phonemics.
   
4. 
   Suprasegmental phonology (prosodies) studies the distinctive features realized in syllables, stress, and intonation.
   
5. 
   The Prague linguistic school was the center of phonological typology in its time. N.S. Trubetskoy is considered the founder of thetypology of thephonological system (theory of distinctive features).
   
6. 
   Word stress or accent is usually defined as the degree of force or prominence with which a sound or syllable is uttered. Languages differ with word stress placement and degrees of it.
   
7. 
   Intonation is a complex unity of speech melody, sentence stress, thetempo
   

of speech, therhythm of speech, voice tember and pausation that enables the speaker to express his thoughts, feelings, and emotions. ■ •'

8. 
   When phonemes are pronounced in words, they change their place of articulation or their features, this process is called assimilation.
   

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9. 
   Dissimilation is the process by which one of two similar or identical sounds In a word becomes less like the other, such as the / in English marble (from French lllarbre).
   
10. 
    Reduction refers to various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels, which lire related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or position.
    
11. 
    The accentis a relative prominence of a particular syllable of a word by (it eater intensity or by variation or modulation of pitch or tone.
    

17. 
    Rhythm is the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of Mlresscd and unstressed syllables in accentual verse or of long and short syllables in i|iiantitative verse.
    

I Л. Pysiological-acousticis a branch of acoustics that studies the structure and branch function of the sound-detecting and sound- Ibrming organs of man andanimals.
M. Obstruent is a speech sound such as [k], [d3], or [f] that is formed
by obstructing airflow.

15. 
    Sonorant or Resonant is a speech sound that is produced with continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; these are the manners of articulation that lire most often voiced in the world's languages.
    

I (). Unroundedis a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol.

17. 
    Mid vowelsThe defining characteristic of a mid vowel is that the tongue is positioned midway between an open vowel and a close vowel.
    

IK. Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic
organization of sounds in languages.
19. Linguistic prosody is concerned with those elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments (vowels and consonants) but are properties of syllables and larger units of speech.
?,(). The nasalcavity is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. Each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils.


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Seminar 3

Typology of phonetic and phonological level of English,
Uzbek and Russian Languages


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